腾格里沙漠固沙植被区微生境土壤微生物功能群时空格局
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Q938.1

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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504301)和国家自然科学基金项目(31971529)资助


Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Soil Microbial Functional Groups in Different Microhabitats in Sand-fixing Revegetation Area in the Tengger Desert
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Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFC0504301) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31971529)

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    摘要:

    土壤微生物是探究生态系统植被生产力和生物地球化学循环的基础。然而,针对干旱沙区人工植被建立后不同建植年代、植物种、微生境指示碳、氮、磷循环的土壤微生物功能群的研究较少。以腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头区不同年代建植的柠条(Caragana korshinskii)和油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)土壤为研究对象,用稀释平板分离培养法研究了指示土壤碳、氮、磷循环微生物功能群数量的时空变化规律及与土壤理化性质间的关系。结果表明:(1)随固沙年限增加,微生物功能群数量显著增加,且表层(0~5 cm)土壤微生物数量高于亚表层(5~10和10~20 cm);(2)土壤微生物功能群数量呈现明显的季节变化特征。纤维素分解菌呈"V"型分布,表现为春季低夏季高;氨化和硝化细菌从冬、春、夏到秋季均表现为逐渐上升的趋势;溶磷菌数量则是从冬季、秋季到春夏季依次递减;(3)柠条与油蒿样地中纤维素分解菌和溶磷菌数量均表现为1990年高于2010年,而油蒿地则相反;(4)全氮和有效磷对微生物功能群数量影响极显著。可见,荒漠生态系统中土壤氮、磷元素含量较碳元素含量对微生物功能群数量限制更大,上述结果为更好地理解干旱沙区人工植被演替过程中微生物与土壤相互作用奠定了基础。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] Soil microorganisms are important regulator of nutrient cycles during plant growth. The species, quantity, and spatial distribution reflect the characteristics and transformation law of habitat soil. There constitute an important index to evaluate soil development status and vegetation succession. In the revegetation areas of arid deserts, most existing studies described the overall restoration, structure and function of soil microorganisms after sand-fixing revegetation construction. However, there are few studies on soil microbial functional groups that indicate the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. Thus, this study, looks at soil microorganisms in the revegetation areas replanted in different years in the southeast edge of Tengger Desert. We explored the spatial distribution, seasonal changes, and the effects of different restoration years, plant species, microhabitat and physiochemical properties on the number of soil microorganisms.[Method] Soil composites 0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm layers were collectd in January, April, July and Octerber in 2017 under shrubs and between shrubs at Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii plots established in 1990 and replanted in 2010. The numbers of cellulolytic bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria were determined by dilution culture counting method. Three-factor analysis of variance was used to compare the differences of soil microbial functional groups, microhabitat and soil layer (fixed factors) and sampling time (repeated factor). The redundancy analysis and best fitting were used to explore the relationships between soil physicochemical properties and microorganisms.[Result] The results showed that:(1) with an increase in sand fixation age, the number of microbial functional groups increased significantly, and the number in soil surface layer (0-5 cm) was higher than those of deep layers (5-10 and 10-20 cm); (2) the number of microbial functional groups in soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles showed obvious seasonal variations. For example, the number of cellulolytic bacteria distributed in "V" shape was high in summer but low in springwhile ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria showed a trend of slow increase from winter, spring, summer to autumn. Additionally, the number of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria decreased from winter to autumn to spring and summer; (3) the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in C. korshinskii and A. ordosica plots were higher in 1990 than in 2010 while the numbers of ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria in A. ordosica plot were higher in 2010 than in 1990; (4) total nitrogen and available phosphorus had significant effects on the number of microbial functional groups.[Conclusion] This study showed that important microbial functional groups involved soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles are mainly affected by planting time, microhabitat, and soil layer of sand-fixing revegetation, while short-term fluctuation is controlled by seasons. In the early stages of revegetation, A. ordosica promoted recovery of nitrogen-circulating microorganisms, while, C. korshinskii was more favorable to the recovery of carbon-circulating microorganisms in the late stage. Besides, total nitrogen and available phosphorus contents were the key factors determining the numbers of soil microbial functional groups. Presumably, plant growth and soil microbial reproduction in the late stage of sand-fixing revegetation succession may be mainly restricted by nitrogen. The results of this study provied a foundation for a better understanding of the interaction between microorganisms and soil characteristics in revegetation restoration, and strengthen our understanding of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in arid deserts.

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杨贵森,吕星宇,虎瑞,黄磊,张志山.腾格里沙漠固沙植被区微生境土壤微生物功能群时空格局[J].土壤学报,2022,59(2):580-590. DOI:10.11766/trxb202006140295 YANG Guisen, L&#; Xingyu, HU Rui, HUANG Lei, ZHANG Zhishan. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Soil Microbial Functional Groups in Different Microhabitats in Sand-fixing Revegetation Area in the Tengger Desert[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2022,59(2):580-590.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-06-14
  • 最后修改日期:2020-12-30
  • 录用日期:2021-03-03
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-03-04
  • 出版日期: 2022-02-11