Intensive vegetable production system with a high amount of phosphate fertilizer will cause phosphorus (P) resources waste and environmental risks caused by high accumulation of P in the soil. One of the effective methods to reduce P input and increase P use efficiency in vegetable fields is rhizosphere regulation, which could also improve P absorption and utilization by vegetables. This paper summarizes the major modules of rhizosphere communication, including plant-plant communication (vegetables intercropping root interactions), plant-microorganism communication (vegetable root and mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere bacteria interactions) and microorganism-microorganism communication (P solubilizing microorganism with rhizosphere microorganisms in vegetable fields) in promoting vegetable root development. Importantly, we discussed the mechanism (s) for activating soil accumulated P to increase the absorption and utilization of P by vegetables and its mechanism. In addition, different artificial regulation modules, such as increase P absorption and utilization of vegetables by applying P microbial fertilizer, and relieving the obstacles of continuous cropping of vegetables are discussed. Finally, the paper evaluated the direction of the rhizosphere communication in high-input systems to provided a theoretical basis for promoting the green and sustainable development of P fertilizer management in high-input vegetable planting systems.