水土流失防治措施对马尾松林土壤微生物群落分子生态网络的影响
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X172

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国家自然科学基金项目(U19A2047,41807069)和湖南省水利科技项目([2017]230-40)资助


Effects of Prevention and Control Measures of Soil Erosion on Molecular Ecological Network of Soil Microbial Community in Pinus massoniana Plantation
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The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U19A2047, 41807069) and the Hunan Water Resources Science and Technology Project (No. [2017]230-40)

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    摘要:

    水土流失防治措施可以提高侵蚀退化林地的土壤质量。为了探究典型水土流失防治措施对土壤微生物分子生态网络的影响,在南方红壤区马尾松林下建立了水土流失防治措施小区,设置3种不同处理,分别为挖设鱼鳞坑加种植草本,挖设鱼鳞坑加种植草本与灌木,以及对坡面土壤不设置任何措施的对照。利用16S rRNA和18S rRNA基因Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,测定3种处理下的土壤微生物群落组成,基于随机矩阵的方法构建微生物网络。结果表明,措施实施后,绿弯菌门相对丰度显著降低,变形菌门与酸杆菌门的相对丰度显著升高(P < 0.05)。2种措施处理下微生物网络总节点数、总连接数、平均连通度以及模块性均较高,微生物网络的规模增大,微生物间互相作用更复杂。3个微生物网络均以负互相作用(60.59%~67.49%)为主,措施实施后物种间竞争作用进一步加强。绿弯菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门中的部分菌群在本研究区的微生物网络中起着重要的连接作用,此外,3个微生物网络的部分关键节点所属的菌群相对丰度较低(< 1%),对于构建微生物网络也具有关键作用。2种措施处理下微生物网络平均路径距离较长,微生物作用的响应速度慢,群落结构稳定性提高,其中挖设鱼鳞坑并种植草本与灌木的措施较挖设鱼鳞坑并只种植草本的措施效果更优。冗余分析表明,土壤容重(R2 = 0.465,P < 0.05)、pH(R2 = 0.377,P < 0.05)、有机质(R2 = 0.383,P < 0.05)、全氮(R2 = 0.545,P < 0.01)、对细菌群落结构有显著影响,土壤含水量(R2 = 0.485,P < 0.05)对真菌群落结构有显著影响。上述研究结果表明,水土流失防治措施实施后土壤微生物群落结构发生明显变化,网络规模增大、物种间互作强度以及微生物群落结构的稳定性提高。

    Abstract:

    【Objective】 Prevention and control measures of soil erosion can restore forest vegetation and improve soil quality, and hence affect the soil microbial community structure. Soil microbes play an important role in soil substance recycling. Thus, it is of great significance to explore changes in soil biochemical processes and to study the effects of typical prevention and control measures of soil erosion on the interactions between soil microbial community. Ecological network analysis can be used to reveal microbial interactions and microbial network structure. However, it is still unclear how prevention and control measures of soil erosion affect the microbial interaction network in Pinus massoniana plantation. There are few researches exploring soil microbial interactions and the changes in environmental factors caused by agricultural engineering measures and vegetation planting. 【Method】 In this paper, a one-year field experiment was carried out in Pinus massoniana plantation of the Institute of Soil and Water Conservation of Shaoyang City (111°22'E, 27°03'N), Hunan Province, China. The experiment was designed to have three treatments, one for digging fish-scale pits and planting grass, one for digging fish-scale pits and planting grass and shrubs and another for a control check without any measure; three replicates were conducted for each treatment. One year later, soil samples were collected from the three treatments, separately, for analysis of soil physicochemical properties and DNAs. The 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine the soil microbial community structure under different treatments, and the random matrix method was used to construct the microbial network. 【Result】After implementation of prevention and control measures of soil erosion, soil microbial community composition changed as the relative abundance of Chloroflexi significantly decreased and that of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria significantly increased. Ecological network analysis showed that the total nodes, total links, average connective degree, and the modularity of the microbial network increased. This indicated an increase in the microbial network scale and complicated microbial interactions. Three microbial networks were dominated by negative interactions (60.59%~67.49%), and the competition between species was strengthened after the implementation of the two measures. Parts of the microbial communities of Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria played an important connecting role in the microbial network of the study area. Also, some key microbial communities with low relative abundance (< 1%) played a key role in the establishment of the microbial network. The average path distance of microbial networks became longer after the implementation of the measures. This means that the response rate of microbial action slowed down and the stability of the community structure was improved. Additionally, the measure of digging fish-scale pits and planting grass and shrubs was more effective than digging fish-scale pits and planting grass. Soil bulk density (R2 = 0.465, P < 0.05), pH (R2 = 0.377, P < 0.05) , soil organic matter (R2 = 0.383, P < 0.05), and total nitrogen (R2 = 0.545, P < 0.01) had significant influence on bacterial community structure while soil water content (R2 = 0.485, P < 0.05) had a significant influence on fungal community structure. 【Conclusion】After implementation of prevention and control measures of soil erosion (i) soil microbial community structure changed, (ii) the microbial network scale, interaction and stability increased, and (iii) the competition within soil microbial communities became more intensive.

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李前,李忠武,聂小东,刘窑军,童迪,肖林辉,申志高,石林.水土流失防治措施对马尾松林土壤微生物群落分子生态网络的影响[J].土壤学报,2022,59(3):819-832. DOI:10.11766/trxb202008220475 LI Qian, LI Zhongwu, NIE Xiaodong, LIU Yaojun, TONG Di, XIAO Linhui, SHEN Zhigao, SHI Lin. Effects of Prevention and Control Measures of Soil Erosion on Molecular Ecological Network of Soil Microbial Community in Pinus massoniana Plantation[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2022,59(3):819-832.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-22
  • 最后修改日期:2021-02-28
  • 录用日期:2021-04-23
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-05-11
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