煤矸石和钙结石对植物生长和土壤含水量的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目(41907012)、山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2017YJ02,2017ZZ12)和山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2020L0169)共同资助


The Effects of Coal Gangues and Caliche Nodules on Plant Growth and Soil Moisture
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Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41907012), the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Shanxi Agricultural University of China (Nos. 2017YJ02 and 2017ZZ12) and the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province of China (No. 2020L0169)

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    摘要:

    确定煤矸石和钙结石对植物生长和土壤水分变化的影响,是准确量化黄土高原地区土壤含水量和科学制定植被恢复策略的基础。通过小区试验,将土壤分别与煤矸石和钙结石混合后(碎石含量为300 g·kg-1)填装至2 m3的地下小区中,以不含碎石土壤为对照,种植柠条(Caragana Korshinskii Kom.)和苜蓿(Medicago sativa.),定期观测植物生长指标和含水量。结果表明:(1)煤矸石对植物生长具有抑制作用,钙结石则无显著影响。含煤矸石土壤中柠条和苜蓿累积生物量较无碎石土壤中分别低47%和21%,较含钙结石土壤中分别低45%和24%。苜蓿对含煤矸石土壤的适应性优于柠条。(2)介质类型对土壤含水量变化的影响较植物类型更为显著,含煤矸石土壤含水量显著高于其他两种介质,30~50 cm土层深度差异更显著。(3)柠条小区中,含煤矸石土壤与钙结石土壤中蒸散量的差值分别占土壤平均储水量的12%和23%。苜蓿小区中,含煤矸石、钙结石土壤与无碎石土壤中蒸散量的差值分别占土壤平均储水量的-11%和11%。可见,煤矸石和钙结石对土壤水分损失的抑制作用不同,随植物种类而变化。在预测区域土壤含水量时,煤矸石和钙结石对含水量的影响不可忽略,尤其在植被生长条件下。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] Plot tests were designed to study the effects of coal gangues and caliche nodules on the characteristics of plant growth and soil water content on the Loess Plateau. This study was important for accurate quantification of soil water content and scientifically formulating vegetation restoration strategies.[Method] Caragana (Caragana korshinskii Kom.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa.) were planted in 2 m3 experimental plots underground, containing reconstituted soil, made up of the fine earth and either coal gangues or caliche nodules (300 g·kg-1) under natural climate conditions. The water content and plant growth were regularly observed.[Result] The results showed that coal gangues negatively affected plant development and quality, while caliche nodules had no significant effect. The accumulative aboveground biomass of Caragana and alfalfa in the soil containing coal gangues was 47% and 21% lower than that in the fine earth, respectively. Also, the accumulative aboveground biomass of Caragana and alfalfa in the soil containing coal gangues was 45% and 24% lower than that in the soil containing caliche nodules, respectively. Therefore, the adaptability of alfalfa to the soil containing coal gangues was better than that of Caragana. Plant species had weak effects on soil water content when compared to the media types. The water content of the soil with coal gangues was significantly higher than that of the other two media. The differences in the water content between medium types were the largest at a depth of 30 to 50 cm. When Caragana was planted, the differences of evapotranspiration between soils containing coal gangues and caliche nodules, and between soils containing coal gangues and the fine earth accounted for about 12% and 23% of the average water storage of the fine earth, respectively. Also, when alfalfa was planted, the differences of evapotranspiration between soils containing coal gangues and caliche nodules, and between soils containing coal gangues and fine earth accounted for -11% and 11% of the average water storage of the fine earth, respectively. Importantly, the inhibiting effects of coal gangue and caliche nodules on soil water loss were different and varied with plant species.[Conclusion] In conclusion, we observed that the importance of coal gangues and caliche nodules cannot be ignored when predicting soil water content, especially under vegetation coverage.

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米美霞,邵明安,武小刚,陈玉鹏.煤矸石和钙结石对植物生长和土壤含水量的影响[J].土壤学报,2021,58(6):1460-1471. DOI:10.11766/trxb202012110682 MI Meixia, SHAO Ming'an, WU Xiaogang, CHEN Yupeng. The Effects of Coal Gangues and Caliche Nodules on Plant Growth and Soil Moisture[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2021,58(6):1460-1471.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-11
  • 最后修改日期:2021-04-03
  • 录用日期:2021-07-02
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-07-07
  • 出版日期: 2021-11-11