【Objective】Soil fauna play an important role in litter decomposition processes through activities such as burrowing and feeding. Besides the quality of litter, climate parameters have been identified as major factors affecting the role of soil fauna on litter decomposition. However, the contribution of soil fauna in litter decomposition and the role of climatic parameters under different land-use patterns are still not clear.【Method】In this paper, meta-analysis was used to quantify the effect sizes of soil fauna on litter decomposition rates. We established a meta-analysis database by collecting the results of 56 publications both in Chinese and English in China from papers published until May 31, 2021. The effect size of soil fauna on litter decomposition rates among three different land-use patterns (i.e., forest, grassland, and farmland), was further tested by a random-effects model. Correlations were tested between environmental factors -temperature, precipitation, litterbag size, latitude, and experimental duration -and the effect size of soil fauna on litter decomposition rates.【Result】Soil fauna increased litter decomposition rate by an average of 8.10%, reaching a significant level among different land-use patterns. Among the three different land-use patterns, the effect of soil fauna on litter decomposition rates was strongest in the farmland (12.36%). Environmental factors were closely correlated with the effect size of soil fauna on litter decomposition rates.【Conclusion】In the forest, effect size significantly increased with temperature, including the average temperature in January and July, and the mean annual temperature (P < 0.01). In grassland, however, the effect size of soil fauna decreased with temperature (P > 0.05). The effect size significantly increased with mean annual precipitation but significantly decreased with altitude (P < 0.01). Besides, with the increase of litterbag size and experimental duration, the effect size values of soil fauna on litter decomposition significantly increased and decreased, respectively.