As the largest agricultural country and emitter of greenhouse gas (GHG) in the world, China aims to peak its emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. This target imposes challenging mitigation demands on agricultural systems, which account for～14% of China's national GHG emissions. Crop production is a major contributor to agricultural non-CO₂ GHG emissions, primarily due to high methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from intensive use of irrigation water and fertilizers. After the achievement of carbon peak, the contribution of GHG emissions from crop production and the associated mitigation necessity will become increasingly important. It is unclear whether and how crop production can transition to carbon neutrality. This paper reviewed the source and sink effects as well as the temporal and spatial characteristics of GHG emissions from crop production in China, summarized the effective agricultural management practices in mitigating CH₄ and N₂O emissions and enhancing soil organic carbon sequestration, analyzed the trade-offs between GHG mitigation and carbon sequestration and the associated countermeasures, and put forward prospects and suggestions on future studies regarding this research area in China.