Soil geography is the soil science discipline that studies the spatio-temporal changes and formation of soil as well as its resource environment. The basic objectives and tasks of soil geography are to understand the key processes and controlling factors, predict the future co-evolution of the soil environment, and illustrate soil resource distribution and their potential for multiple uses. Thus, this provides scientific support for agricultural development and eco-environmental protection. The long-term development and the most recent scientific achievement especially from the soil series study has provided substantial support to the ongoing national soil survey. The subdisciplines of soil geography, including soil morphology, soil genesis, and soil mapping have achieved substantial progress during the last 20 years especially the most recent 10 years, with a significant shift of research subjects and contents. With the ever-deepening understanding of the pedosphere, the study object of soil geography has shifted from traditional surface soil to the earth's surface system, meanwhile, human activities and their impacts on soil system have gotten more attention and related studies have appeared. Along with the rapid development of remote and proximal sensing and GIS technology, modern soil survey has seen a regime shift thanks to the emergence and evolution of digital soil mapping, large-scale soil map products have been generated and become available, thus, providing strong support to other sectors. In the future, soil geography should focus on the coupling of multiple processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, pedosphere, and lithosphere in the context of the earth's surface system, rapid and efficient acquisition of soil information, multiple-scale soil-environment modeling, to realize accurate prediction of soil spatio-temporal changes.