滴灌条件下盐碱地垦殖对土壤盐度和肥力影响的长期观测
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作者单位:

1.中国农业大学资源与环境学院;2.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所;3.山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所

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基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目课题(2022YFD1900102)和水利部重大科技项目课题(SKS—2022054)


Long-term Observation Effects on Soil Salinity and Fertility in Saline-alkali Land Reclamation Under Drip Irrigation
Author:
Affiliation:

1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University;2.Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences;3.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Fund Project:

National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFD1900102) and Major Scientific and Technological Projects of the Ministry of Water Resources of China (No. SKS—2022054).

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    摘要:

    膜下滴灌种植模式下内陆干旱区盐碱地垦殖后理化性状的演变过程,尤其是土壤盐分和有效养分含量的变化规律一直受到广泛关注。以新疆硫酸盐灰漠土为对象,采用长期定位观测的方法开展研究。在新疆玛纳斯县选择了始于1996年的不同年份开荒样地,于2010—2020年间开展了四次定位调查,定点监测了垦荒后膜下滴灌条件下土壤盐度和肥力性状指标的动态变化,比较了不同种植年限样地的差别。主要结果如下:荒地开垦植棉后耕层(表层0~20 cm)土壤盐分显著降低,垦种6~10年后达到轻度盐渍化水平,各地块的盐分含量平均下降至3.71 g·kg-1,年均下降速率为 1.41 g·kg-1·a-1,随着开垦年限的增加(垦种11~25年),耕层土壤盐分基本维持在2.1 g·kg-1,达到非盐化水平。不同开垦年限地块的土壤pH在垦种后呈现显著下降的趋势,随着开垦年限增加(垦种11~25年),土壤pH维持在8.2~8.5之间。土壤有效磷含量随垦种年限延长而显著增加,磷素肥力明显提升,垦种11~25年后平均有效磷水平在13~20 mg·kg-1之间。不同垦种年份土壤有效磷变化速率不同,近年开垦地块土壤有效磷上升幅度较大。土壤有机质含量在垦种6~10年开始显著增加;土壤速效钾含量在垦种1~5年显著降低,垦种6~10年开始缓慢增加,垦种11~16年能够增加至初始水平,然后维持稳定。土壤无机氮含量在垦种6~15年处于显著增加阶段,垦种16~25年基本维持稳定。综上,盐化灰漠土荒地开垦后采用膜下滴灌模式种植棉花25年能有效降低土壤盐度并将耕层盐分含量控制在轻度盐渍化水平以下,荒地开垦后需要6~10年时间可变为良田。本研究可为内陆干旱区盐碱地节水种植对土壤剖面盐分含量控制和肥力培育的长效机制提供依据。

    Abstract:

    【Objective】The submembrane drip irrigation planting mode has been a major factor in the evolution of physicochemical traits after the reclamation of saline-alkali land in inland arid areas, especially the changes in soil salinity and available nutrient content. 【Method】In this study, the gray desert soil of Xinjiang was studied by continuous localization survey and observation of the sample plot. The sample plots of Manas in Xinjiang were selected for land reclamation in different years in 1996, and four surveys were carried out from 2010 to 2020. The dynamic changes of soil salinity and fertility traits of gray desert soil under the condition of submembrane drip irrigation cotton after reclamation were monitored at fixed points, and the differences of several plots after different planting years were compared.【Result】The main results suggest that the soil salinity in the topsoil (0-20 cm) was significantly reduced after the reclamation from uncultivated land to farmland, and the average salinity of various plots decreased to 3.71 g·kg-1 after 6-10 years of reclamation. The average annual decline rate was 1.41 g·kg-1·a-1, reaching the level of mild salinization, then with the continued reclamation (11-25 years), the soil salinity was maintained between 2.06-2.11 g·kg-1, and reaching the non-salinization level. The soil pH in different reclamation years showed a significant downward trend after reclamation. With continued reclamation (11-25 years), the average soil pH remained between 8.2 and 8.5, which was slightly alkaline. With increasing years of reclamation, the soil available phosphorus (P) increased significantly, after 11-25 years of reclamation and planting, the soil average available P level remained between 13.33, and 19.97 mg·kg-1. This indicates that the variation of soil fertility was different with the different reclamation years. The soil organic matter increased significantly after 6-10 years of reclamation while the soil available potassium slowly decreased after 1-5 years of reclamation but slightly increased after 6-10 years. Also, available potassium increased to the original level after 11-16 years and then remained stable. The content of soil inorganic nitrogen increased significantly after 6-15 years of reclamation and remained stable after 16-25 years.【Conclusion】Our study showed that the process of reclamation and utilization of uncultivated land into farmland had a significant effect on the improvement and cultivation of soil P fertility. The uncultivated land reclamation and utilization effectively reduced soil salinity and pH, and it took 6-10 years to change the good land after uncultivated land reclamation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the control of salt content and the improvement of fertilization and farmland productivity during the reclamation process of inland saline-alkali uncultivated land.

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霍伟歌,彭 懿,张少民,刘盛林,白灯沙•买买提艾力,冯 固.滴灌条件下盐碱地垦殖对土壤盐度和肥力影响的长期观测[J].土壤学报,DOI:10.11766/trxb202309080368,[待发表]
HUO Weige, PENG Yi, ZHANG Shaomin, LIU Shenglin, BAIDENGSHA Maimaiti, FENG Gu†. Long-term Observation Effects on Soil Salinity and Fertility in Saline-alkali Land Reclamation Under Drip Irrigation[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, DOI:10.11766/trxb202309080368,[In Press]

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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-08
  • 最后修改日期:2023-12-18
  • 录用日期:2024-01-17
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-01-19
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