根际微生物组功能补偿装配的概念、内涵和展望
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南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室

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国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900300)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KYT2023001)和国家自然科学基金(42277293)


Functional Compensatory Assembly of Rhizosphere Microbiome: Concept, Content, and Outlook
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College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization,Nanjing

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the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2021YFD1900300), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. KYT2023001), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42277293)

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    摘要:

    根际微生物组能通过活化根区养分、增强植物耐逆和抗病能力等功能促进植物生长和健康,充分挖掘根际微生物组的功能,是支撑农业绿色发展的重要途径。系统解析作物根际微生物组的装配过程、作用机制和调控机理是增强农业生态系统服务功能和促进作物增产提质增效的重要前提。植物在不同环境中都能招募特定的对自身生长有利的功能微生物定殖,因此植物应对环境压力的功能需求与其根际微生物组的功能特征之间是内在关联的,本文将这种根际微生物组装配过程中通过其特定功能“补偿”作物应对环境压力所“需求”的功能,称为根际微生物组“功能补偿”装配。本文重点梳理根际微生物组功能补偿装配概念形成的4个阶段:(1)根际微生物组装配理论的发展与现状;(2)根际微生物组的结构特征和影响因素;(3)根际微生物组的功能特征与作用机制;(4)根际微生物组功能补偿装配的概念与内涵。在此基础上,提出根际微生物组功能补偿促进作物健康高产和农业资源高效的研究方向,强调了未来需要系统揭示根际微生物组的功能补偿机制和调控途径,完善功能补偿装配理论体系,并将其纳入土壤质量评价和诊断体系中,为推动我国农业绿色转型提供新思路。

    Abstract:

    The rhizosphere microbiome can strongly promote plant growth and health by increasing nutrient availability, enhancing plant stress tolerance, and improving disease resistance. It has become an important pathway to support the development of green agriculture to fully exploit the plant-beneficial functions of the rhizosphere microbiome. Therefore, there is a great need to systematically investigate the assembly processes and functional and regulation mechanisms of the rhizosphere microbiome, to enhance the ecosystem service functionality and promote the productivity, quality, and nutrient use efficiency of crops. Plants have the capability of recruiting specific functional microbes that are advantageous for their growth under diverse environmental conditions. As such, a fundamental correlation presents between the functional requirements of plants to adapt to environmental stresses and the functional features of the rhizosphere microbiome. We defined this trait, of which the rhizosphere microbiome-derived specific functions compensate the functional requirements of the host plant, as the “functional compensatory assembly” of the rhizosphere microbiome. In this review, we introduced this concept in four stages: (1) the development and current status of rhizosphere microbiome assembly concept, (2) the structural features and impacting factors of rhizosphere microbiome, (3) the functional characteristics of rhizosphere microbiome and their mechanisms in promoting plant growth, and (4) the concept and intension of functional compensatory assembly of rhizosphere microbiome. Firstly, three models of “two-step selection”, “multistep selection”, and “amplification selection” have been proposed to describe the compositional assembly process of the rhizosphere microbiome. These models demonstrate that the rhizosphere microbiome assembly process is a selective enrichment process of the soil microbiome under rhizodeposition. Secondly, it has been established that the composition of the rhizosphere microbiome is primarily influenced by soil properties and plant genotypes. Presently, there is a growing interest in identifying and clarifying the crucial host genes that can regulate the colonization of specific microbial taxa through microbiome genome-wide association studies (mGWAS) between the host plant’s genetic and the rhizosphere microbiome. Thirdly, the interaction between the rhizosphere functional microbes and the host plant under various environmental conditions has been extensively researched. Briefly, plant recruits specific functional microbes in the rhizosphere by releasing specific exudates, while enriched functional microbes can also promote the plants’ resistance to environmental stress through diverse approaches. Finally, the concept of the functional compensation assembly of rhizosphere microbiome was introduced. We elaborated on the content of functional compensation assembly, covering its condition and object, process and mechanism, regulation, and application strategy. To summarize, we highlighted the potential for enhancing resource utilization efficiency and promoting crop growth and health by increasing the functional compensation ability of the rhizosphere microbiome. However, although our fundament research achievement is growing exponentially, there is much to study before fully exploiting the plant beneficial functions of the rhizosphere microbiome. We encourage exploration of the mechanisms of functional compensation and exploit strategies of rhizosphere microbiome, improve the theoretical framework of the functional compensation assembly, and incorporate it into the soil quality assessment and diagnosis system. This review could present a theoretical basis to enhance the efficiency of resource utilization and crop productivity, hence providing new insights for promoting the green transition of agriculture.

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荀卫兵,张瑞福,沈其荣.根际微生物组功能补偿装配的概念、内涵和展望[J].土壤学报,2024,61(6). DOI:10.11766/trxb202310140417 XUN Weibing, ZHANG Ruifu, SHEN Qirong. Functional Compensatory Assembly of Rhizosphere Microbiome: Concept, Content, and Outlook[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2024,61(6).

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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-14
  • 最后修改日期:2024-01-08
  • 录用日期:2024-05-07
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-05-08
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