建设用地土壤污染风险管控和修复联动监管的若干思考
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S154.4

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国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1801403)、国家自然科学基金项目(41907337)和广东省环保专项(粤财预〔2024〕4号)资助


Deliberations on Collaborative Supervision of Risk Control and Remediation for Soil Pollution of Constructed Land
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Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC1801403), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41907337), and the Special Fund Project for Environmental Protection of Guangdong Province, China (2024-4)

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    摘要:

    土壤污染风险管控和修复是实现建设用地安全利用,保障“住得安心”的关键,其工作成效受到技术发展与环境管理的双重影响,其中联动监管的系统性和衔接性至关重要。国家及各地针对建设用地土壤环境联动监管进行了诸多尝试,通过地方立法、规范性文件、技术标准等多种形式,在部门职责划分、过程监管、准入管理等方面不断细化和规范,有效管控了污染地块环境风险,但联动监管的全面性和衔接性尚有待进一步提升。本文在分析建设用地自然属性、社会经济属性及土壤治理修复特殊性等特点的基础上,系统梳理了目前建设用地土壤污染风险管控和修复的工作现状、典型问题和优化建议。总体上,各级地方在国家制度体系框架下,重点从细化监管范围、制定实施细则、强化监督落实等方面落实国家相关要求,剖析了联动监管范围不明、规划考量力度不足、土地流转嵌入不深、地块信息集成不够等问题,并从明晰监管范围、融合土地规划与土壤修复、细化土地流转工作要求、国土空间“一张图”、多手段强化监督管理等角度提出了部门联动的制度优化建议。未来可从精准化监管、绿色低碳修复转型和提升土壤污染数智化水平等方面深入研究,有效提升联动监管综合成效。研究可为建设用地土壤风险管控和修复的联动监管制度完善以及有效保障建设用地安全利用提供参考。

    Abstract:

    Soil pollution risk control and remediation is the key to the safe use of constructed land. The effectiveness of this work is influenced by both technological development and environmental management, and the systematic and coherent linkage of supervision is crucial. National and local governments have made diverse attempts at the collaborative supervision of soil environments within constructed land. Utilizing local legislation, regulatory documents, and technical standards, these strategies have progressively honed and standardized the allocation of departmental responsibilities, process supervision, and access management, leading to effectively controlling the environmental risks of contaminated sites. Despite these advancements, there is a clear need for further bolstering the all-encompassing and interconnected nature of coordinated supervision. This thesis, based on the analysis of the natural attributes, socio-economic attributes, and soil remediation particularities of constructed land, systematically reviews the current status and typical issues of constructed land soil pollution risk control and remediation, and provides suggestions on optimization of collaborative supervision. Overall, within the framework of the national institutional system, local governments have focused on refining the scope of supervision, formulating implementation details, and strengthening supervision and implementation to meet national requirements, without imposing additional demands. In addition, the text analyzes issues such as unclear scope of joint supervision, insufficient planning considerations, shallow integration of land transfer, and inadequate integration of land plot information. It advances a suite of recommendations for enhancing the coordinated supervision framework, including clarifying supervisory scopes, alignment of land planning with soil remediation endeavors, specification of land transfer procedures, embracing a unified national land spatial "one map" strategy, and strengthening of oversight through a multiplicity of approaches. Future investigative trajectories may delve into the realms of precision regulation, pivot to green and low-carbon remediation methodologies, and digital transformation of soil pollution oversight, all aimed at significantly elevating the collective impact of coordinated supervision. This study offers valuable insights for enhancing the integrated regulatory framework for soil risk control and remediation on constructed land, thereby ensuring the safe and effective use of such land.

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常春英,杨婕,吴俭,黄灶泉,吕明超,李朝晖,邓一荣.建设用地土壤污染风险管控和修复联动监管的若干思考[J].土壤学报,2025,62(5):1246-1258. DOI:10.11766/trxb202408280345 CHANG Chunying, YANG Jie, WU Jian, HUANG Zaoquan, Lü Mingchao, LI Zhaohui, DENG Yirong. Deliberations on Collaborative Supervision of Risk Control and Remediation for Soil Pollution of Constructed Land[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2025,62(5):1246-1258.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-28
  • 最后修改日期:2024-12-31
  • 录用日期:2025-01-20
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-01-21
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