基于高镉积累水稻品种的土壤镉减量修复技术
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国家自然科学基金项目(42325701)资助 Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 42325701)


Cadmium Reduction and Remediation Technology in Soil Based on a High-Cd- Accumulating Rice Cultivar
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Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42325701)

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    摘要:

    镉是中国耕地土壤的首要污染物,危害土壤环境质量和农产品安全。污染土壤中镉的减量修复是改善土壤环境质量的关键。不同水稻品种对镉的富集能力差异高达10倍~32倍,同时,水稻拥有较高的生物量(16.3~22.7 t·hm–2),具有土壤镉减量修复的潜力。通过在常熟开展连续三年的大田试验(土壤镉:0.35 mg·kg–1,pH:5.61)和湖南湘潭的田间试验(土壤镉:0.89 mg·kg–1,pH:5.50),以高镉积累水稻品种W4为研究对象,采用孕穗期至成熟期稻田排水,以提升土壤镉有效性的田间管理措施,评估了W4对土壤镉的移除效率及长效性。结果表明,在常熟的大田试验中,W4的秸秆生物量为13.6~16.1 t·hm–2,为当地常规水稻品种的1.4倍~1.6倍;其秸秆镉含量为6.85~7.44 mg·kg–1,是常规水稻品种的3.3 倍~4.5倍;稻谷中镉的含量为2.38~3.38 mg·kg–1,是常规水稻品种的6.3倍~9.4倍;单季移除耕层土壤镉量为101.9~132.2 g·hm–2,土壤镉的移除效率高达11.8%~16.5%,为常规水稻的4.7倍~8.9倍。在湖南湘潭的田间试验中,W4的秸秆和稻谷产量分别为13.8 t·hm–2和6.5 t·hm–2,其镉含量分别为10.22 mg·kg–1和6.05 mg·kg–1,地上部镉的移除量(单季)为180.6 g·hm–2,移除效率为7.4%。假设生物富集系数保持恒定,通过模型计算,应用该高镉积累水稻可在9个种植季内将土壤镉从1.0 mg·kg–1(安全利用类耕地)降低至0.3 mg·kg–1(风险筛选值)。鉴于水稻种植技术门槛和成本较低,利用高镉积累水稻有望为我国土壤镉减量修复提供一种简易、绿色、高效的技术。

    Abstract:

    【Objective】 Cadmium (Cd) is the major pollutant in China's agricultural soils, threatening soil environmental quality and the safety of agricultural products. Thus, reducing Cd contamination in polluted soils is crucial for improving soil environmental quality. Given that different rice varieties show a 10 to 32-fold difference in their ability to accumulate Cd and rice plants generally have a high biomass (16.3-22.7 t·hm–2), their potential to reduce soil Cd levels is unparalleled. 【Method】 In this study, multi-year and multi-location field trials were conducted using a high Cd-accumulating rice variety, W4, and field management measures were applied, such as draining paddy fields from the booting stage to maturity, to enhance soil Cd availability. The removal efficiency and stability of W4 in removing soil Cd were evaluated. 【Result】 In a three-year consecutive field trial conducted in Changshu (soil Cd: 0.35 mg·kg–1, pH: 5.61), results showed that the straw biomass of W4 was 13.6 to 16.1 t·hm–2 and 1.4 to 1.6 times higher than that of local conventional rice varieties. Its straw Cd concentration was 6.85 to 7.44 mg·kg–1, 3.3 to 4.5 times higher than conventional varieties, and its grain Cd concentration was 2.38 to 3.38 mg·kg–1, 6.3 to 9.4 times higher. The amount of Cd removed from the topsoil per season was 101.9 to 132.2 g·hm–2, with a removal efficiency of 11.8% to 16.5%, 4.7 to 8.9 times higher than that of conventional rice. In a field trial in Xiangtan, Hunan Province (soil Cd: 0.89 mg·kg–1, pH: 5.50), the straw and grain yields of W4 were 13.8 t·hm–2 and 6.5 t·hm–2, with Cd concentrations of 10.22 mg·kg–1 and 6.05 mg·kg–1, respectively. The Cd removal amount in the aboveground part was 180.6 g·hm–2, with a removal efficiency of 7.4%. Model calculations suggest that the use of this high Cd-accumulating rice variety could reduce soil Cd from 1.0 mg·kg–1(safe use threshold for farmland)to 0.3 mg·kg–1(risk screening value)within nine planting seasons. 【Conclusion】 Given the low technical and cost barriers of rice cultivation, the use of high Cd-accumulating rice presents a simple, green, and efficient technology for reducing soil Cd levels in China.

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唐之贤,董歌,唐仲,赵方杰,汪鹏.基于高镉积累水稻品种的土壤镉减量修复技术[J].土壤学报,2025,62(6):1689-1698. DOI:10.11766/trxb202410080387 TANG Zhixian, DONG Ge, TANG Zhong, ZHAO Fangjie, WANG Peng. Cadmium Reduction and Remediation Technology in Soil Based on a High-Cd- Accumulating Rice Cultivar[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2025,62(6):1689-1698.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-08
  • 最后修改日期:2025-05-20
  • 录用日期:2025-06-23
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-06-25
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