【Objective】 The Northeast Black Soil Region, a vital grain production base in China, suffers from serious soil erosion due to natural and anthropogenic factors. Numerous studies on soil and water conservation measures have been conducted by scholars both domestically and internationally. However, most existing research focuses on evaluating either specific regions or individual measures, while lacking a comprehensive assessment of both the combined benefits and practical applicability of different conservation approaches. 【Method】 We collected 414 sets of research data from 59 published papers on slope erosion of northeastern black soils during 2000-2023 and conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of 18 soil and water conservation measures. Our analysis focused on their capacity to mitigate slope runoff and sediment, while examining their responsiveness to variations in slope gradient and soil characteristics. Furthermore, we assessed the regional applicability of these conservation measures based on their performance across different environmental conditions. 【Result】 The analysis revealed that soil and water conservation measures demonstrated substantial effectiveness on black soil slope cultivated land, with average control efficiencies of 63.1% for runoff reduction and 73.2% for sediment control. Integrated measures consistently outperformed individual interventions in terms of overall effectiveness. Among the evaluated measures, all except biochar improvement (Bi) and adding sand (As) demonstrated statistically significant impacts on both runoff and sediment reduction. Particularly noteworthy was the performance of bamboo trenches between ridges (Bt), which achieved exceptional control efficiencies of 98.9% for runoff and 99.9% for sediment reduction. This was closely followed by the combined approach of subsoiling tillage + straw mulching + ridge-furrow intervals (SSR), which yielded control efficiencies of 92.4% and 99.4% for runoff and sediment, respectively. The effectiveness of these conservation measures showed significant spatial variability, being strongly influenced by slope gradient and soil characteristics. Optimal performance was observed on slopes ranging from 4-6°, where average control efficiencies reached 66.4% for runoff reduction and 80.6% for sediment control. Soil-specific analysis indicated that dark brown forest soil exhibited the highest runoff reduction capacity (78.7%) while chernozem demonstrated superior sediment retention properties (96.4%). Furthermore, the most consistent synergistic relationship between runoff and sediment reduction efficiencies was identified in mid-slope sections with gradients of 7-9°, suggesting an optimal range for implementing these conservation measures. 【Conclusion】 This study evaluates the applicability of various soil and water conservation measures for Northeast China's black soil region, based on their effectiveness in reducing runoff and sediment yield. Based on the Relatively Reduced Evaluation Index (RREI) for runoff and sediment, ridge plant belt (Rp) and five other highly effective water conservation measures were prioritized for implementation from a soil and water conservation perspective. For comprehensive consideration of both conservation effectiveness and socio-economic feasibility, three measures; bamboo trenches between ridges (Bt), no-tillage + straw mulching (NTS), and subsoiling tillage + straw mulching + ridge-furrow intervals (SSR), are recommended as priority conservation practices for cultivated slopes in Northeast China's black soil region. Future research on soil and water conservation measures should simultaneously consider their long-term ecological benefits, economic viability, and social acceptability, as these factors are critical for ensuring the sustainable implementation of such conservation practices.