Microplastics in soils pose potential threats to human health and food security, and the attention to this issue is increasing. However, there is still no clear and unified conclusion on the current status of soil microplastic pollution, as well as corresponding governance measures. Clarifying the current status of soil microplastic pollution is of great significance for its effective management. This article provides an in-depth exposition on the concept and development of microplastics, summarizes the pollution characteristics, sources, and ecological environmental effects of soil microplastics, and discusses the obstacles and uncertainties existing in current soil microplastic research. We have suggested potential research directions for soil microplastics according to the current research gaps. We have also proposed strategies for addressing and managing soil microplastic pollution, aiming to lay the foundation for research on soil microplastic pollution and its prevention and control.