【Objective】 Land-use change is a primary driver of soil structure alteration and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. In subtropical hilly areas of China, which are ecologically fragile and experience significant land-use pressure, understanding the interplay between soil physical structure and biogeochemical cycles is crucial for sustainable land management. The stability of soil aggregates and the ecological stoichiometry of nutrients serve as critical indicators for evaluating ecological restoration and soil quality. Thus, this study aims to elucidate the mechanism by which typical land use practices in subtropical hilly areas influence nutrient variations through alterations in the distribution characteristics of soil aggregates. 【Method】 We examined soils from three representative land use types (forestland, tea garden, and cultivated land) in Yingshan County, Hubei Province. Key stability indices, including the mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), soil erodibility (K), and fractal dimension (D), were calculated. Utilizing both stoichiometric methods and multivariate statistical models, we analyzed the relationship between aggregate stability levels and the distribution patterns of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. 【Result】 The results revealed that: (1) The content of >5 mm aggregates in forestland soils was 3.43 and 1.58 times higher than that in tea garden and cultivated land, respectively. Both the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) followed the order: forestland > cultivated land > tea garden. The tea garden soil exhibited the highest erodibility (K) value and fractal dimension (D) value. (2) The soil organic carbon content in forest land was significantly higher than in other plots, reaching 10.22 g·kg?1. Total nitrogen content followed the order of forest land > tea garden > cultivated land, while total phosphorus content exhibited the opposite trend. Both C:P and N:P ratios were highest in forestland soils, followed by cultivated land and tea garden. (3) Aggregate characteristics were significantly correlated with nutrient indicators (P < 0.05), with the macroaggregates (> 5 mm) playing a major role in shaping C:P and N:P ratios. Also, the partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) showed good fit (goodness-of-fit > 0.61) and the path coefficients indicated that the influence pathways of aggregate particle size on nutrient stoichiometric ratios varied under different land use types, with the direct effect being most pronounced in forested areas. 【Conclusion】 This study illustrates that changes in land use significantly affect the relationship between soil structure and nutrient cycling. Forestland, which experiences minimal disturbance, encourages the creation of stable macroaggregates. This process enhances long-term nutrient sequestration and maintains a balanced stoichiometric environment. On the other hand, intensive management practices in tea gardens and cultivated lands can disrupt aggregate stability. This disturbance leads to structural degradation and a notable stoichiometric imbalance. Therefore, it is crucial to preserve forestland and implement sustainable soil practices in managed lands. This approach will significantly improve soil quality and promote ecological sustainability in subtropical hilly areas.