Soil chemistry has developed rapidly over the past few decades and has formed a relatively complete theoretical system and technical system. Scientific apparatus represented by synchrotron radiation sources are playing an increasingly important role in the research of soil chemistry. The related technologies based on synchrotron radiation, with their unique advantages, can conduct in-situ analysis on the cycling of elements and substances in complex environments at the molecular level, providing more comprehensive technical support for the research covered by soil chemistry, such as soil mineral chemistry, soil organic chemistry, soil inorganic nutrient chemistry and soil pollution chemistry. Significant advances have been made in several areas, including the identification of poorly crystalline minerals, the structural and spatial resolution of organo(metal)-mineral complexes, and the characterization of the morphology and spatial distribution of heavy metals. In recent years, the combination of synchrotron radiation with other spectral and imaging techniques has been increasingly applied in soil research, greatly promoting the development of geochemistry. In this paper, it has been reviewed the progress made in the field of soil chemistry by related technologies based on synchrotron radiation sources and other combined technologies. Finally, prospects for the development of synchrotron radiation sources, for the further integration of complementary techniques, and for the application of related technologies based on synchrotron radiation to the actual soil environment are proposed.