With the rapid global increase in the number of motor vehicles, the release of tire wear particles is also growing significantly. Tire wear particles can enter the soil through multiple pathways, such as atmospheric deposition, rainfall, and surface runoff, and pose a potential threat to soil ecosystems. The complexity of separation and detection technologies has limited in-depth research on tire wear particles in soil. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of detection methods, research on the behavior and effects of tire wear particles in soil has developed rapidly. This paper summarized the sources of tire wear particles and their primary pathways into soil, analyzed the key behaviors of tire wear particles and their additives in soil, and reviewed the toxicological effects of tire wear particles and their released compounds on plants, soil fauna, and soil microorganisms. On this basis, it also identified the shortcomings of the current research and proposed future research directions, aiming to support a deeper understanding of the behavioral mechanisms of tire wear particles in soil and their ecological risk assessment.