As a critical interface between plants and microorganisms, the cell wall frequently undergoes compositional or structural alterations during its interactions, a process known as cell wall modification. Such modifications not only influence plant-microbe interactions but also play a regulatory role in enhancing plant tolerance to aluminum toxicity in acidic soils. Therefore, investigating whether microorganisms can alleviate aluminum toxicity through the modulation of plant root cell wall properties holds significant scientific importance and practical application potential. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of microbial action on root cell walls with respect to root cell wall dynamics, focusing on the patterns and characteristics of microbial-induced root cell wall modifications. Furthermore, it discusses potential sites and molecular pathways involved in this process that contribute to improved plant resistance to aluminum toxicity under acidic conditions. The review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for a deeper understanding of plant-microbe interaction mechanisms and to offer novel insights for the development of a synergistic system integrating "aluminum-tolerant crops" with functional microorganisms.