【Objective】Yellow soils are an important agricultural resource in China. However, the productivity of the yellow soil has been significantly altered by both climate change and anthropogenic activities. Thus, to improve the understanding of the response mechanisms of yellow soil to these changes, this study systematically evaluates the effects of mineral and electrolyte materials combined with organic matter on soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) under different pH conditions.【Methods】A soil incubation experiment was conducted using yellow soil with 14 treatment groups: (1) CK (no amendment); (2) D (dolomite, 6 gkg-1); (3) B1 (sodium-based bentonite, 2 gkg-1); (4) DB1 (dolomite 6 gkg-1 + sodium-based bentonite 2 gkg-1); (5) DB2 (dolomite 6 gkg-1 + sodium-based bentonite 4 gkg-1); (6) DB3 (dolomite 6 gkg-1 + sodium-based bentonite 6 gkg-1); (7) DB3C (dolomite 6 gkg-1 + sodium-based bentonite 6 gkg-1 + carboxymethyl cellulose 1 gkg-1); (8) DB3CH (dolomite 6 gkg-1 + sodium-based bentonite 6 gkg-1 + carboxymethyl cellulose 1 gkg-1 + potassium humate 2 gkg-1); (9) K (potassium nitrate, 0.5 gkg-1); (10) Ca1 (calcium phosphate，0.33 gkg-1); (11) KCa1 (potassium nitrate 0.5 gkg-1 + calcium phosphate 0.33 gkg-1); (12) KCa2 (potassium nitrate 0.5 gkg-1 + calcium phosphate 0.66 gkg-1); (13) KCa3 (potassium nitrate 0.5 gkg-1 + calcium phosphate 1 gkg-1); (14) KCa3H (potassium nitrate 0.5 gkg-1 + calcium phosphate 1 gkg-1 + potassium humate 2 gkg-1). The CEC under actual soil pH and varying pH conditions was determined using the ion-selective electrode method. 【Result】The results indicated that (1) the amendment materials affected CEC by increasing soil pH. For instance, at the 75th day of incubation, the soil pH increased by 0.38-1.27 pH units, with an enhancement range of 6.35%-21.24%; the CEC increased by 4.59-13.55 cmolkg-1, with an enhancement range of 35.56%-105.00%. (2) Different types of ameliorants exerted a significant synergistic effect on increasing the pH and CEC of yellow soils. For example, at pH 7.0, the CEC of the soil treated with mineral + organic matter (DB3CH) was 49.57% and 35.01% higher than that of the soil treated with single minerals (D and B1), respectively, after 75 days of incubation; while the CEC of the soil treated with electrolyte + organic matter (KCa3H) was 19.27% and 10.37% higher than that of the soil treated with single electrolytes (K and Ca1), respectively. (3) Soil particles were more sensitive to pH changes in the low pH range. The CEC of most treatments showed a substantial increase in the pH intervals of 4.0-7.0, whereas the CEC increment slowed down in the high pH range. (4) The direct contribution of amended materials to the CEC of yellow soil is dominant (72.98%-90.60%), while the indirect contribution through increasing pH is relatively low (9.40%-27.02%). 【Conclusion】Organic materials directly provide negative charges through the dissociation of functional groups; inorganic electrolyte materials optimize the adsorption environment by supplying base cations; while mineral materials increase the CEC via their high permanent charge, large specific surface area, and pH-elevating effect. The findings of this study can provide a theoretical basis and practical experience for the amelioration of acidic soils and the improvement of soil fertility. Future research could further combine long-term field in-situ experiments to verify the synergistic contributions of different ameliorative measures to sustainability and ecological effects under actual environmental conditions. This can promote the directional improvement of cultivated yellow soil quality and the green development of agriculture.