【Objective】 Soil degradation, insufficient utilization of straw resources, and excessive application of chemical fertilizers are major constraints to sustainable agricultural production in the black soil region of Northeast China. This necessitates the development of an effective field management practice that simultaneously promotes the recycling of straw resources, improves soil quality, and increases crop yield. Thus, this study aimed to determine a suitable combination of straw utilization practice and fertilization regime for maize production in this region. 【Method】 A two-year field experiment was conducted in the black soil region of Northeast China to investigate the effects of different straw utilization practices and fertilization regimes on soil physicochemical properties and maize yield. The straw utilization practices included the sole application of pelletized straw (FS), the combined application of biochar and pelletized straw at a mass ratio of 1:2 (MS), and the combined application of biochar and pelletized straw at a mass ratio of 2:1 (MB). Full-rate straw incorporation was used as the control treatment (CK). The fertilization regimes included complete substitution of chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry (N1) and conventional chemical fertilization (N2). The entropy weight–Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (EW-TOPSIS) method was used to comprehensively evaluate and rank the treatments by integrating soil physical properties, soil nutrient contents, and maize yield. 【Result】 The results show that: (1) The combined application of biochar and pelletized straw coupled with complete substitution of chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry significantly decreased soil bulk density and increased total soil porosity (P<0.05). This combination also promoted the formation of water-stable macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) and improved soil structural stability. Among the treatments, the co-application of biochar and pelletized straw at a mass ratio of 2:1 combined with biogas slurry treatment (MBN1) produced the greatest improvement in soil physical properties. Compared with the sole pelletized straw application combined with biogas slurry treatment (FSN1), the MBN1 treatment significantly decreased the two-year mean soil bulk density by 11.40%, increased total soil porosity and the proportion of water-stable macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) by 9.59% and 19.99% (P<0.05). In addition, N1 further improved soil structural stability compared with N2. (2) The combined application of biochar and pelletized straw increased soil nutrient contents and maize yield, and the improvements under N1 were greater than those under N2. Relative to the full-rate straw incorporation treatment (CK), the co-application of biochar and pelletized straw at a mass ratio of 1:2 combined with biogas slurry MSN1 treatment significantly increased the two-year mean soil total nitrogen and total potassium contents by 23.60% and 23.65%, respectively (P<0.05), and significantly increased the two-year mean maize yield by 22.51% (P<0.05). (3) According to the EW-TOPSIS evaluation integrating soil physical properties, soil nutrient contents, and maize yield, the MSN1 treatment obtained the highest comprehensive score of 0.805 and ranked first among all treatments. 【Conclusion】 The combined application of biochar and pelletized straw at a mass ratio of 1:2, together with complete substitution of chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry, improved soil structure, enhanced soil fertility, and increased maize yield. Therefore, the MSN1 treatment is a suitable field management practice for maize production in the black soil region of Northeast China.