【Objective】This study aimed to the pedogenesis and spatial distribution of major soil types in the Warm Temperate Zone of China.【Method】Comprehensively considering factors such as topography, parent material, and land use pattern, 65 soil profiles were established and identified in Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province, Southeast China, of which, 11 typical soil profiles were selected and studied in depth. 【Result】 The results indicated that the main soil groups in Pizhou were Fluvisols, which were majorly distributed in the plain and accounted for approximately 68% of the total arable land, along with other soil groups with regional characteristics such as Cinnamon Soils, Brown Soils and Calcified Black Soils. Soil types exhibited a regular spatial distribution with topographic change, forming a soil subgroup spectrum of “Calcic (or neutral) Skeleton Soils, Podzolized Brown Soils, Eluviated Cinnamon Soils, Aquatic Cinnamon Soils, Calcified Black Soils, Brown Fluvisols, Yellow Fluvisols, and Saline Fluvisols”. Within the plains or hills, the spectra of soil families or species were also presented in accordance with micro-topographic undulation. 【Conclusion】In the low mountains and hills of Pizhou, as the tectonic movement is stable, the rocks have been exposed and weathered for a long time, which may have experienced warm and humid climates during the Pleistocene, forming red clay or red paleosol that served as the parent material for Cinnamon Soils and Brown Soils. The characteristics of clay accumulation, iron-manganese cementation and podzolization of the Brown Soils in Pizhou are inherited from the red paleosol. In contrast, the Fluvisols develop from modern river sediments and are of very young pedogenic age. The origin of the parent materials should be regarded as the starting point of soil genesis to facilitate a better understanding of the formation processes of various soils.