In Earth""s surface systems, Silicon (Si) mobilization intricately coupled with key pathways, including rock weathering, pedogenesis, plant uptake, runoff transport, and atmospheric deposition. These interconnected processes exert critical regulatory controls on the global carbon cycle, soil formation and evolution, agricultural productivity, and the balance of marine ecosystems. Drawing on the Web of Science and CNKI databases, this study employs bibliometric and cluster analysis to systematically review research on Si migration published between 2000 and 2026, identifying major themes and emerging trends. The scope encompasses the research frontiers of Si geochemical behavior, pedogenesis, and biogeochemical cycling. Silicate weathering initiates Si release and mobilization, a process regulated by climate, lithology, topography, and anthropogenic activities. These factors ultimately govern the export fluxes of dissolved silicon (DSi) from catchments across diverse global climate zones. Silicate weathering can consume atmospheric CO2 and significantly affect global climate change. Si migration profoundly shapes pedogenesis; the desilication process occurs ubiquitously across all climate zones and is not exclusive to the desilication-allitization processes characteristic of tropical regions. Furthermore, the vegetation-driven biological Si cycle plays a pivotal role in mediating Si mobilization and accumulation in soils, contributing significantly to the resilication of Si-depleted tropical soils and to DSi export via runoff. Because silicate mineral weathering inherently mitigates soil acidification, Si mobilization has emerged as a robust proxy for estimating soil acidification rates. Si isotopes serve as powerful tracers for Si migration and transformation, providing critical insights into soil mineral formation processes and identifying the sources of DSi in runoff. Future research should prioritize elucidating Si cycling mechanisms across coupled Earth system spheres, improving the precise assessment of phytolith carbon sinks, advancing the practical application of ESW technologies, and developing quantitative models of Si cycling within the Critical Zone. Such efforts will deepen our understanding of Si biogeochemistry in Earth""s surface systems and provide a scientific foundation for ecological conservation and the realization of carbon neutrality goals.