中国古代土壤分类简介
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SOIL CLASSIFICATION IN ANCIENT CHINA
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    摘要:

    我国是世界科学文化发达最早的国家之一,农业生产起源很早,有着悠久的历史。历代发展经济的方针,是以农业为基础。作为农业基本生产资料的土壤,早就为人们所重视。《管子》指出:“地者,政之本也,辨于土而民可富”;“五谷不宜其地,国之贫也”。远古以来,我国的农业科学技术,是以土壤科学为中心。数千年来,我国劳动人民在辽阔的土地上耕种生息,创造和积累了极其丰富的经验。建立在劳动人民丰富的实践经验基础上的我国古代土壤科学,造诣很深,是一丰硕的土壤科学宝库。

    Abstract:

    The present paper deals with the soil classification in Ancient China.The historical development of the soil classification systems is summarized as follows:1.It was described is the book "Yu-kung" that following the floading control and river harness,a country-wide expedition of the soils had been carried out.The lands all over the country were divided into 9 regions according to the conditions of their eaploitatibn and utilization.At the same time.the soils were divided into 9 "soil types",each type subdivided into 3 grades and 9 sub-grades mainly on the basis of their fertility.2.It was recorded in the book "Chow-li" that the lands of the country were delimited into 5 "Soil Regions" in which the vegetation and animals were discribed.The delimitation of "Soil Regions" delimited mainly according to their topography was as follows:
    (A) Mountain and Forest Landa
    (B) River Plains and Depressions
    (C) Hill Lands
    (D) Upland and Coastal Lands
    (E) Plain and Marshes
    3.Aecording to the descriptibn in the book titled "Quan-sze",a more detailed soil classification system was developed on the basis of the "Soil Type" and "Soil Region" mentioned above.In this system,the soils were divided into 18 "Soil Groups",and subdivided into 90 "Sub-groups" acenrding to their utilization,vegetation and soil properties,including colour,texture,structure,prosity and ground water regime etc..From this stwdy,in may be concluded that the soil classification of Ancient China was developed mainly on the basis of the knowledge of "soil adaptation to vegetation",and it not only provided a favorable foundation for land utilization,but also was a splendid chapter in the history of development of soil science.

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王云森.中国古代土壤分类简介[J].土壤学报,1979,16(1):1-8. Wang Yun-sheng. SOIL CLASSIFICATION IN ANCIENT CHINA[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,1979,16(1):1-8.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-02-25
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