Present article rivet a prospect of the development of soil science in China. It covers soil geography, soil chenistry, agricultural chemistry, soil physics, soil mineralogy, soil biochemistry, soil microbiology and ecology. Investigations of soil science carried out in China during the last fifty years are also reviewed.1. Soil geography: Soil geography covers soil genesis, classification and cartography. The orthodox idea of bio-climatic soil types lies on the following five factors i.e. climate (particularly temperature and precipitation), living organisms (especially native vegetation and human beings), parent material, topographical factor and time that parent materials are subjected to soil formation.The classification of main soil types in China mainly follows the above mentioned factors given by the Soviet teacher V. V. Dokuchaev. However, in agricultural soils cultivation has an overwhelming influence on soil development. For example, rice paddy soils are developed under alternative wet and dry condition. The oxidation-reduction process governs the genesis of soil profile for which we have a specific classification system.We are preparing a soil map of China scaled 1:1 million. The conception of diagnosis honzons is a quantitative measure for soil classification system. We are endeavoring to make such an innovation in soil classification. Remote sensing method is applying in the loessial plain of the lower Yellow River. This new technic, in connection with field soil survey, is extending to various soil regions where and when the vegetation covering are very scarcely. 2. Soil chemistry: In the earlier period of soil science study in China, sail chemistry was Lrgely confined to soil analysis. Extensive analytical data of complete mineral composition and weathering ratios of soil colloid were made. These data served valuable references for the classification of great soil groups.