土壤中有机化学品降解动力学的某些模型与机理建模中的相似观
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* 国家自然科学基金资助项目(批准号:49371038)


SOME MODELS FOR DEGRADATION KINETICS OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN SOIL AND THE CONCEPTION OF SIMILARITY IN MECHANISTIC MODELLING
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    摘要:

    如果不同事物的机理可被函数形式严格相同的数学模型所描述,我们就认为在这些事物之间存在机理相似性。机理相似性可以帮助我们在机理建模方面的科学探索。降解有机化学品的微生物在机理上相似于相互作用种群的Volterra模型中的捕食着种群;但有机化学品浓度的变化在数理上不同于Volterra模型中被捕食者种群密度的变化。有机化学品的降解速度可被描述为:
    -dx/dt=jx+kxm
    式中,x是有机化学品在时间t的浓度,m是能降解该有机化学品的微生物在时间t的数量,而j和k分别是非生物学的(即化学的)和生物学的降解速度常数。在常见的生长温度范围内,生物学因素对降解速度的贡献远大于非生物学因素的贡献。在此情况下,方程也可写为:-dx/dt=kxm。本文讨论了表示m的某些方法,从而使降解速度表示为可被积分的形式。

    Abstract:

    If the mechanisms of different things can be described by the mathematical models whose function forms are exactly same, we believe that there is a mechanism similarity among the things. The mechanism similarity may aid our scientific inquiries in mechanistic modelling. The microorganisms of degrading organic chemicals are mechanistically similar to the predator populations in the Volterra model of interacting populations, but the variance of concentration of the organic chemicals is mathematically different to that of density of the prey populations in the Volterra model. The degradation rate of organic chemicals may be described as:
    -dx/dt=jx+kxm
    where x is the concentration of organic chemical at time t, m is the number of microorganisms capable of degrading the organic chemical at time t, and j and k are the nonbiological (i. e. chemical) and biological degradation rate constants respectively. The contribution of biological factors to degradation rate is greater by far than that of nonbiological factors within the range of ordinary growth temperature. In this case, the equation may also be written as:-dx/dt=kxm. This paper discusses some methods to express m, thereby expressing the degradation rate as a form that can be integrated.

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刘多森,张水铭,汪枞生.土壤中有机化学品降解动力学的某些模型与机理建模中的相似观[J].土壤学报,1997,34(3):302-308. DOI:10.11766/trxb199604200309 Liu Duosen, Zhang Shuiming, Wang Zongsheng. SOME MODELS FOR DEGRADATION KINETICS OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN SOIL AND THE CONCEPTION OF SIMILARITY IN MECHANISTIC MODELLING[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,1997,34(3):302-308.

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  • 收稿日期:1996-04-20
  • 最后修改日期:1997-01-15
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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-02-25
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