The characteristics of physical fertility evolution under various land use patterns of red soil derived from Quaternary red clay in low-hilly region in the middle subtropics were researched, then the evaluation indexes were selected with cluster analysis and their weight coefficients determined with factor analysis.Results showed that the soil physical fertility in forest and grass land systems was not obviously lower than in cultivated land systems as soil chemical fertility showed.In the systems in Jiangxi Province, the soil physical fertility degraded with the reclamation, which was mainly expressed by the destroy of soil structure, the decrease of soil larger aggregate and microaggregate, the drop of soil aeration and capillary porosity and the uneven-distributed capillaries.However in those systems in Zhejiang Province, it rose with the reclamation.In cultivated land systems, the upland soil physical fertility increased with the cultivation, but the upland crops-rice rotation has a disadvantageous effect.The soil physical fertility in tea garden system was higher than that in citrus orchard.