我国主要土壤供钾能力的综合评价
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*国家自然科学基金,批准号:39470408


COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION ON POTASSIUM SUPPLYING POTENTIAL OF MAIN SOILS IN CHINA
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    摘要:

    本文应用生物耗竭法并结合化学方法对我国11种主要土壤的供钾能力做了综合评价。研究表明:(1)土壤耗竭后,交换性钾的“最低值”出现的时期及绝对量大小,因土壤类型不同而异。土壤交换性钾亦存在“利用率”或“有效度”问题。“最低值”是土壤的重要供钾特性之一。(2)随着耗竭次数的增加,土壤非交换性钾在达到“最低值”后又回升,至耗竭结束,11种土壤大都接近甚至超过了耗竭前水平,认为是1mol/L热HNO3不能提取钾大量释放所致。(3)耗竭条件下,作物吸收的钾主要来自于非交换性钾,且以1mol/L热HNO3不能提取钾为主,该组分的钾仍属非交换性钾而非矿物钾。(4)2mol/L冷HNO3法提取的有效钾与作物吸钾量间的相关性最好,且该法操作简便、快速,适于水、旱田土壤钾素的测定。根据有效钾含量并结合交换性钾的“最低值”,对我国11种主要土壤的供钾能力进行了初步分级。

    Abstract:

    The K supplying potential of 11 main soils in China was evaluated comprehensively with pot experiment of bio-depletion of soil potassium and chemical methods. Results were summarized as follows:stage of the minimum value appearance and amount of soil exchangeable K varied with soil type after soil potassium depletion. The soil exchangeable K also has "utilization ratio" or "availability degree".Its minimum value is one of the important characteristics of soil K supplying potential. As reaching the minimum value the non-exchangeable K increases again with the increase of the potassium depletion time, and finally, approaches or overtakes a level of pre-depletion. The results were suggested that potassium which could not be extracted by boiling in 1 mol/L HNO3 was released largely and absorbed by plants mainly. It would not be mineral K but nonexchangeable K.The closest correlation between the soil available K extracted by cold 2mol/L HNO3 and the content of K absorbed by plants was revealed by all of the test methods. The procedure of this method is simple and easy to operate. It is applicable to test soil K of upland and paddy field. The K supplying potential of 11 main soils of China were classified preliminary based on the content of soil available K and its minimum value.

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杨振明,周文佐,鲍士旦,史瑞和.我国主要土壤供钾能力的综合评价[J].土壤学报,1999,36(3):377-386. DOI:10.11766/trxb199710270312 Yang Zhen-ming, Zhou Wen-zuo, Bao Shi-dan, Shi Rui-he. COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION ON POTASSIUM SUPPLYING POTENTIAL OF MAIN SOILS IN CHINA[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,1999,36(3):377-386.

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  • 收稿日期:1997-10-27
  • 最后修改日期:1998-03-02
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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-02-25
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