Chestnut soils formed at 6000-8000 years ago are a typical steppe soils in the alternative belt of semiarid agriculture and animal husbandry. The chestnut soils on basalt and sandy sediment have undergone accumulation and decomposition of organic mater, illuviation and leaching of carbonate, migration and enrichment of elemental oxides, as well as deposition of aeolian sand with time. Uder the influence of human activities, such as reclamation and planting crops, overgrazing, the physical and chemical properties of the soils have been getting deterioration and soil degradation occurred in the course of soil evolution since the last more than two hundred years.