黄土旱塬黑垆土-冬小麦系统中尿素氮的去向及增产效果
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* 国际原子能机构项目(CPR9986);国家攻关项目(96-004-05);中国科学院重大项目(KZ951-A1-301)和特别支持项目(KZ95T-04-01)资助


FATE OF AND CROP RESPONSE TO NITROGEN APPLIED TO WINTER WHEAT GROWING ON HEILU SOIL
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    摘要:

    在黄土高原南部旱塬区陕西省长武县的黑垆土上,用田间小区和15N微区试验研究了氮肥的增产效果,水分利用率以及尿素氮的去向.结果表明,氮肥的增产效果随氮肥用量增加而降低,施N量为100和150kg hm-2时每kg肥料N分别增产小麦12.1kg和6.4kg.施用氮肥亦提高了水分利用率,无氮区和施肥区的水分利用率分别为7.6kg hm-2mm-1和9.7~10.5kg hm-2mm-1.15N微区试验结果表明,尿素作基肥混施入耕层后,小麦利用率为36.6%~38.4%,土壤残留率为29.2%~33.6%,标记氮肥在土壤剖面中的残留率随土层深度的加深而迅速降低.小麦吸收的氮素来自肥料氮的比例在33%~40%之间,来自土壤氮素的比例在60%以上.

    Abstract:

    An experiment was conducted in a wheat field of Heilu soil in the south of the Loess Plateau, Changwu County, Shaanxi Province. Efficiencies of urea use and water use were studied in a plot field experiment. Meanwhile the fate of applied nitrogen was investigat ed with 15N isotope technique. Results showed that crop response to N applied at the rate of 100kg hm-2 was higher with productiv ity index of 12.1kg grain kg-1 N, than at the rate of 150kg hm-2 with productivity index of 6.4kg grain kg-1 N. Nitrogen application increased water use efficiency from 7.6kg hm-2 mm-1 to 9.7~10.5kg hm-2 mm-1. 15N study showed that plant recoveries were in the range of 36.6%~38.4%; N remaining in 0~40 cm soil ranged in 29.2%~33.6% and decreased rapidly with increasing soil depth. About 33%~40% of the N taken up by wheat was derived from the urea applied and the rest, around 2/3 derived from the soil.

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党廷辉,蔡贵信,郭胜利,郝明德,郭明航,王百群.黄土旱塬黑垆土-冬小麦系统中尿素氮的去向及增产效果[J].土壤学报,2002,39(2):199-205. DOI:10.11766/trxb200007100208 Dang Ting-hui, Cai Gui-xin, Guo Sheng-li, Hao Ming-de, Guo Ming-hang, Wang Bai-qun. FATE OF AND CROP RESPONSE TO NITROGEN APPLIED TO WINTER WHEAT GROWING ON HEILU SOIL[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2002,39(2):199-205.

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  • 收稿日期:2000-07-10
  • 最后修改日期:2001-05-23
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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-02-25
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