冬小麦/夏玉米轮作中NO3-N在土壤剖面的累积及移动
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*国家自然科学基金项目(编号39870479);国家十五攻关重大专项(2002BA516A02)资助


ACCUMULATION AND MOVEMENT OF NO3-N IN SOIL PROFILE IN WINTER WHEAT-SUMM ER MAIZE ROTATION SYSTEM
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    摘要:

    通过田间试验研究了冬小麦/夏玉米轮作中NO3--N在土壤剖面的累积及移动,结果表明,尿素施入旱地土壤后,硝化作用一般在7d之内完成,NH4+-N只在施肥后的短期内保持较高浓度,其它时期NH4+-N含量基本在1~3mgkg-1范围内,土壤剖面不同层次NH4+-N一般也低于4mgkg-1,NH4+-N的含量不能反映土壤有效氮的水平.土壤剖面中的NO3--N随施氮量的增加而显著升高.在低施氮量条件下(N<120kghm-2),NO3--N主要在0~40cm土层内移动,但当施氮量高于N240kghm-2时,冬小麦季即有相当数量的氮移出0~100cm土体.NO3--N在土体中的移动存在着很大的年际变化,在干旱年份,即使夏玉米季,NO3--N向深层移动的可能性也很小.试验年份中,除1999年夏玉米季发生了较严重的气体损失以外(该季节特别干旱),其余季节损失的肥料氮主要以NO3--N的形式在深层土壤剖面中累积,这在两个试验点的结果相当一致.

    Abstract:

    Accumulation and movement of NO3--N in soil profile in winter wheat/summer maize rotation system was studied in field experiments.The results showed that nitrification completed in 7d after urea was applied into soil.High concentration of NH4+-N only appeared in short period after fert ilization and NH4+-N concentration in other t imes was 1~3 mg kg-1.NH4+-N concentration in different soil layers was lower than 4 mg kg-1 generally.So the content of NH4+-N could not reflect soil available nitrogen level.NO3--N in soil profile was significantly increased with nitrogen fertilizer rate increasing.NO3--N movement mainly occurred in 0~40 cm with low nitrogen rate(N<120 kg hm-2),but large amount of NO3--N moved below 100 cm even in winter wheat growth season with high nitrogen rate.The movement of NO3--N had a great different between years.In drought year,the possibility of NO3--N moving to deeper layer was low even in summer maize growth season.Except large amount of gas loss occurred in 1999 summer maize season(extremely drought in this season),the loss nitrogen fertilizer mainly accumulated in deeper layer in other season,which was consistent in two sites.

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巨晓棠.冬小麦/夏玉米轮作中NO3-N在土壤剖面的累积及移动[J].土壤学报,2003,40(4):538-546. DOI:10.11766/trxb200108140409 Ju Xiaotang. ACCUMULATION AND MOVEMENT OF NO3-N IN SOIL PROFILE IN WINTER WHEAT-SUMM ER MAIZE ROTATION SYSTEM[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(4):538-546.

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  • 收稿日期:2001-08-14
  • 最后修改日期:2002-05-09
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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-02-25
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