The inability to culture most microbe from soil samples is a fundamental obstacle to understanding soil microbial ecology and diversity Therefore,amplification of DNA from soil and a rapid,preferable DNA extract ion method involving necessary purification is needed for rapid and thorough analysis of microbial diversity in environmental samples The method extracting fungi DNA that is applicable to two kinds of forest soil types in Australia is developed in this research,and result showed that extracted DNA purity and size is reasonable and suitable for PCR amplification At the same time,a framework for soil microbial diversity analysis with T-RFLP(Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism),a recent molecular approach that can be used to assess subtle genetic differences between DNA samples as well as provide insight into the structure and function of microbial communities in soils,is presented here Generally,PCR amplification of extracted DNA sample from soil is conducted by using a set of fluorescent tagged specific primers of the bacterial 16S rDNA or ITS of fungal rDNA,and then products are digested with a four base restriction endonuclease,as maximizing the resulting number of terminal fragments Finally the entire terminal fragments are detected and sized by the ABI automated sequencer The technique has both high sensitivity and throughput making it an ideal choice for comparative community analyses.