华北太行山前平原农田土壤水分动态与氮素的淋溶损失
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* 中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-413-6);国家重点基础研究计划(973)前期研究专项(2003CCB001);国家自然科学基金项目(30570335)资助


NITRATE LEACHING IN WHEAT-MAIZE ROTATION FIELD IN THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN
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    摘要:

    通过采集土壤溶液并分析其硝态氮(NO3--N)含量,结合水量平衡方法,研究了华北太行山前平原小麦-玉米轮作农田在当前农民普遍采用的农业管理措施下土壤NO3--N迁移、累积特征,计算了深层土壤水分渗漏与NO3--N淋溶损失量。结果表明,土壤水分渗漏、NO3--N的分布及其淋溶损失存在着明显的时空变异性,土壤水分的深层渗漏和NO3--N的淋溶损失发生在玉米生长期间施肥灌水或降雨之后。在1998/1999和1999/2000两个作物轮作年中,土壤水分的深层渗漏损失分别为33~48 mm(平均39 mm)和90~92 mm(平均90.7 mm),分别占降水+灌溉总量的10%和19%;淋溶到根区之下的NO3--N量(包括来自土壤和肥料的N)分别为N 12 kg hm-2(范围N 6~17 kg hm-2)和N 61 kg hm-2(范围N 30~84 kg hm-2),分别占施入肥料量的1.4%~4.1%和7.3%~20.3%。在玉米生长期间有较大潜力可调控灌溉与肥料用量,以提高水肥利用效率。

    Abstract:

    Soil water deep leaching and nitrate(NO3--N)distribution in the soil profile and NO3--N leaching losses below the root zone were investigated in fields under a local traditionally managed wheat-maize crop rotation system in the North China Plain.Coupled with the soil water balance method,soil water deep leaching and NO3--N concentration in suction samples were determined.The results indicate that water leaching,NO3--N distribution and leaching losses exhibited pronounced spatial and temporal variability.Events of water leaching and NO3--N leaching loss were prone to occur during the summer maize growing season(rainy season),after each irrigation operation and significant rainfall.Annual soil water deep leaching reached 33~48 mm(averaged 39 mm)in 1998/1999 cropping year and 90~92 mm(averaged 90.7 mm)in 1999/2000,accounting for 10% and 19% of the total amount of irrigation plus rainfall,respectively.The amount of NO3--N leached below the root zone (including leaching loss of soil-and fertilizer-N)averaged NO3--N 12 kg hm-2 a-1(ranging from NO3--N 6 to 17 kg hm-2 a-1) in 1998/1999 and NO3--N 61 kg hm-2 a-1(ranging from NO3--N 30 to 84 kg hm-2 a-1)in 1999/2000,equivalent to 1.4%~4.1% and 7.3%~20.3% of the N fertilizer applied,respectively.The results indicate that during the summer maize growing season,potentials do exist of reducing water and fertilizer inputs,so as to improve water and fertilizer use efficiency in this region.

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张玉铭,张佳宝,胡春胜,李晓欣,朱安宁.华北太行山前平原农田土壤水分动态与氮素的淋溶损失[J].土壤学报,2006,43(1):17-25. DOI:10.11766/trxb200411290103 Zhang Yuming, Zhang Jiabao, Hu Chunsheng, Li Xiaoxin, Zhu Anning. NITRATE LEACHING IN WHEAT-MAIZE ROTATION FIELD IN THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006,43(1):17-25.

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  • 收稿日期:2004-11-29
  • 最后修改日期:2005-07-07
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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-02-25
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