Being the largest freshwater lake in China, the Poyang Lake has widely aroused attention worldwild. As early as in 1992,the Poyang Lake Nature Reserve was enrolled into "the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance". The Poyang Lake wetland, a unique ecosystem on earth, plays important roles in keeping ecological and hydrological balances, regulating climates, reducing pollution, and providing habitats for wildlife. According to the analysis of the ecological environment of the Poyang Lake Region, such as vegetation, wetland biological diversity, land use, water and soil erosion, soil alkalization, etc. Its main problems are defined. For example, serious degradation of the wetland vegetation, aggravation of water and soil erosion, prevalence of schistosomiasis, decrease in biological diversity, and so on. At the same time, with Notion of Science Development as guidance and from the strategic point of view, countermeasures are put forward, such as making an overall plan, rationalizing layout, exploitating reasonably, paying attention to ecoenvironment protection, which may serve as reference and basis for decision-making for sustainable development of the Poyang Lake as well as its Region.