甘肃河西冬小麦保护性耕作对土壤风蚀影响的风洞试验研究
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* 甘肃省科学技术攻关计划项目(2GS042-A41-002-01)资助


WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENT ON EFFECT OF CONSERVATIVE TILLAGE IN WINTER WHEAT FIELDS ON SOIL WIND EROSION IN HEXI CORRIDOR,GANSU PROVINCE
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    摘要:

    土壤风蚀是指松散的土壤物质被风吹起、搬运和堆积的过程以及地表物质受到风吹起的颗粒的磨蚀过程,其实质是在风力的作用下,表层土壤中的细颗粒和营养物质的吹蚀、搬运与沉积的过程。我国受土壤风蚀及土地沙漠化影响的面积占国土总面积的1/2以上,主要分布于北方干旱、半干旱地区。甘肃河西走廊是我国荒漠化最严重的地带之一,该地区春小麦种植长期采用铧式犁翻耕是导致该地区农田土壤风蚀的主要原因。通过室内风洞试验揭示了冬小麦保护性耕作措施条件下风蚀量、起动风速、风速廓线、地表粗糙度的差异及相关关系。结果表明,各个处理风蚀量、起动风速均高于对照处理,风蚀量与风速存在幂函数关系,16ms-1风速是土壤风蚀程度由轻变重的一个转折点;在距土样表面5~50mm范围内,随着高度的递增免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)、免耕不覆盖(NT)处理较秸秆翻压(TIS)、传统耕作(T)处理风速增加缓慢,每个处理高度(H)与风速(V)遵循指数函数。NT、NTS处理与对照(SWT)的粗糙度K的差异在0.01水平上达到了极显著,TIS处理与对照(SWT)在0.05水平上差异显著,而T处理与对照(SWT)差异不显著。风蚀率(Q)与地表粗糙度(K)之间存在显著负相关关系。起动风速与地表粗糙度存在显著负相关关系。

    Abstract:

    Soil wind erosion refers to the process of loose soil substances being blown up and carried away by wind and de posited somewhere else,and the process of land surface being abraded by the blown up soil particles.Its essential is the process of fine soil particles and nutrient matters in the surface soil being blown away by wind.In China the total area of lands exposed to wind erosion and desertification exceeds one half of its total land area.Those lands are distributed mainly in the arid and semi arid regions in North China.The Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province is one of the areas that are subjected to most serious desertifi cation,because of its long term conventional tillage and prevalence of northwester.A wind tunnel experiment was designed to study effects of conservative tillage in winter wheat cultivation on wind blown mass,critical wind speed,wind velocity profile and roughness of land surface and their relationships.Results show that all the treatments were higher than CK (SWT,spring wheat with conventional tillage) in wind blown mass and critical wind speed.Wind blown mass showed a power function relationship with wind speed and the wind speed of 16 ms-1 was the turning point from slight wind erosion to serious wind erosion.Within the height of 5~50 mm above the land surface,the rise of wind velocity with height in Treatment NTS (no tillage with stubble retention (NTS) and Treatment NT (no tillage with no stubble) was slower than in Treatment TIS (conventional tillage with stub ble incorporated) and Treatment T (conventional tillage),and height and wind speed formed an exponential function in all the treatments.Roughness of the land surface varied significantly between Treatments NT,NTS and SWT at 0.01 level,but it did not between Treatments TIS and SWT.Significant negative relationship was observed between wind speed and roughness,and al so between crit ical wind speed and roughness.

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黄高宝,于爱忠,郭清毅,杨荣.甘肃河西冬小麦保护性耕作对土壤风蚀影响的风洞试验研究[J].土壤学报,2007,44(6):968-973. DOI:10.11766/trxb200607070602 Huang Gaobao, Yu Aizhong, Guo Qingyi, Yang Rong. WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENT ON EFFECT OF CONSERVATIVE TILLAGE IN WINTER WHEAT FIELDS ON SOIL WIND EROSION IN HEXI CORRIDOR, GANSU PROVINCE[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2007,44(6):968-973.

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  • 收稿日期:2006-07-07
  • 最后修改日期:2007-03-26
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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-02-25
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