不同施肥处理对黑土土壤呼吸的影响
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* 国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2005CB121101);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C200615);中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所学科前沿领域项目(KZCX3-SW-NA3-26)资助


SOIL RESPIRATION AFFECTED BY FERTILIZATION IN BLACK SOIL
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    基于中国科学院海伦生态实验站的长期定位试验,采用静态箱式法研究了玉米生长期间不同施肥处理对黑土土壤呼吸的影响。结果表明,在玉米生长期间,土壤呼吸速率表现出明显的季节性变化,分别在出苗后23、37、50、63、87、110d出现峰值,其中最大峰值出现在出苗后第87天,其后土壤呼吸速率呈下降趋势,直到玉米收获,而根际呼吸速率的季节性变化规律与土壤呼吸相似,土体呼吸速率则主要受气温变化影响;玉米生长显著影响土壤呼吸,土壤呼吸速率的变化基本与玉米生长规律相一致,随生长而增加,随衰老而减小;施肥对土壤呼吸速率、根际呼吸速率有明显的影响,但对土体呼吸速率影响较小,从整个玉米生长期来看,NPKOM处理的土壤呼吸速率和根际呼吸速率最高,其中NPKOM处理土壤呼吸速率为C27.5~474mgm-2h-1,NPK处理和NP处理变化范围相近,分别为C25.9~339mgm-2h-1和C29.5~358mgm-2h-1,NK处理与CK处理变化范围分别为C28.4~208mgm-2h-1和C22.1~184mgm-2h-1;施肥对土壤呼吸量和根际呼吸量有显著的影响,表现为NPKOM>NPK>NP>CK>NK;在整个玉米生育期中,土壤呼吸累积量在拔节孕穗期和乳熟期出现两个峰值,表现为双峰曲线的变化规律,而土体呼吸累积量只在拔节孕穗期出现峰值,呈抛物线型,根际呼吸量在苗期最低,乳熟期最高,乳熟期后,根际呼吸量下降。

    Abstract:

    Diurnal variation of soil respiration affected by fertilization at various growth stages of maize in black soil was in-vestigated with the static dark chamber method and gas chromatograph technique at the Hailun Agricultural Ecology Station.Results show that during the growth stages of maize,soil respiration rate displayed an obvious seasonal curve,with peaks occurring on the 23th,37th,50th,63th,87th and 110th days after seedling emergence,and the highest on the 87 th day,and a downward trend till the crop was harvested.Respiration rate of the rhizospheric soil followed a curve similar to that of the soil,while respiration rate of bulk soil was mainly affected by air temperature.The corn growing in the soil significantly affected soil respiration rate,which rose when the plant grew and decline when it got snile,showing a similar curve.Fertilization also significantly affected the respiration rates of soil and rhizospheric soil,but little of the bulk soil.Based on the entire growth period of maize,Treatment NPKOM was the highest in soil respiration rate and rhizospheric respiration rate,ranging in C 27.5~474 mg m-2h-1;Treatments NPK and NP were quite close,varying in the range of C 25.9~339 mg m-2h-1 and 29.5~358 mg m-2h-1,respectively;and Treatments NK and CK in the range of C 28.4~208 mg m-2h-1 and C 22.1~184 mg m-2h-1,respectively.In terms of the effect of fertilization,the treatments followed an order of NPKOM>NPK>NP>CK>NK.Through the whole growth period of maize,cumulative soil respiration peaked at the elongating-booting stage and milkyriping stage,following a doublet curve,whereas the cumulative respiration of bulk soil showed a peak at the elongating-booting stage,following a parabolic curve,and that of rhizospheric soil was the lowest at the seedling stage,peaked at the milkyriping stage,and decline afterwards.

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乔云发,苗淑杰,王树起,韩晓增,李海波.不同施肥处理对黑土土壤呼吸的影响[J].土壤学报,2007,44(6):1028-1035. DOI:10.11766/trxb200701080610 Qiao Yunfa, Miao Shujie, Wang Shuqi, Han Xiaozeng, Li Haibo. SOIL RESPIRATION AFFECTED BY FERTILIZATION IN BLACK SOIL[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2007,44(6):1028-1035.

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  • 收稿日期:2007-01-08
  • 最后修改日期:2007-04-03
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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-02-25
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