人工模拟污水净化系统去除生活污水氮、磷效果的比较研究
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国家“十五”重大科技专项“河网区面源污染控制成套技术(2002AA601012)”资助


COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EFFICIENCY OF SIMULATED CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS REMOVING NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM DOMESTIC SEWAGE
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    摘要:

    在温室内,分别以炉渣、沸石和土壤为湿地基质,水芹(Oenanthe javanica)、黑麦草(Lolium mutliflorum)和香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)为植被构建了模拟人工湿地和无基质的浮床植物系统处理生活污水,比较研究了不同污水净化系统去除氮、磷的效果。结果表明,在较低氮、磷负荷和水力停留时间为6 d的条件下,炉渣、沸石和土壤基质人工湿地系统对生活污水中的全氮(TN)、NH4+-N和全磷(TP)均表现出很好的净化效果,平均去除率均在91.0%以上;对NO3--N的去除率较低,为58.0%~85.5%。浮床系统因承受较高的负荷,对TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N和TP的去除率均明显低于各基质湿地。而从污染负荷的去除率来看,土壤基质湿地对TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N和TP的负荷去除率低于炉渣和沸石基质湿地;浮床各系统NO3--N负荷去除率的负增加使TN的负荷去除率降低,但其NH4+-N的负荷去除率均高于各湿地系统;浮床水芹和黑麦草系统的TP负荷去除率也高于各湿地系统。植物种类不同,其吸收N、P的能力存在很大差异。以黑麦草为植被的人工湿地和浮床系统,植物的吸收作用是各系统去氮除磷的主要机制;水芹和香根草吸收的氮、磷总量在人工湿地中远小于黑麦草,其吸收作用仅是各湿地系统去除氮、磷的一个途径;而水芹和香根草对磷的吸收则是浮床系统除磷的主要机制。

    Abstract:

    In greenhouse,three different simulated constructed wetland systems were built up with slag,zeolite and paddy soil,respectively,as substrate,and with Oenanthe javanica,Lolium mutliflorum and Vetiveria zizanioides,respectively,as vegetation. Efficiencies of the three wetland systems removing nitrogen and phosphorus from domestic sewage were studied as compared with that of the floating-bed plant system(no substrate). Results showed that when nitrogen and phosphorus load was low and the hydraulic retention time was 6 days,the constructed wetlands of slag,zeolite and paddy soil displayed high efficiency in removing total nitrogen(TN),ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N)and total phosphorus(TP),with an average removal rate of over 91.0% for all the three,but low efficiency in removing nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N)with a rate ranging from 58.0% to 85.5%. When nitrogen and phosphorus load was high,the floating-bed plant system was much lower than the three simulated ones in removing efficiency. In terms of removal amount,the paddy soil system was lower than the slag and zeolite ones. In the floatingbed plant systems,negative increase in NO3--N removal amounts led to decrease in TN removal amounts,but its NH4+-N removal amounts was significantly higher than those in the three simulated wetland systems. The removal amounts of TP in the Oenan the javanica and Vetiveria zizanioides floating-bed systems were also higher than those in all the three simulated wetland systems. Different plants were different in ability to assimilate nitrogen and phosphorus. The four wastewater purifying systems with Lolium mutliflorum as vegetation regardless of substrate,assimilation of TN and TP by the plant was the main mechanism for TN and TP removal. TN and TP uptake by Oenanthe javanica and Vetiveria zizanioides were much smaller than those by Lolium mutliflorum in the three simulated wetland systems,suggesting that Oenanthe javanica and Vetiveria zizanioides assimilation of TN and TP contributed partly to TN and TP removal in the three systems. However,the assimilation of P by Oenanthe javanica and Vetiveria zizanioides was the main mechanism for TP removal in the floating-bed plant systems.

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张志勇,冯明雷,杨林章,王建国.人工模拟污水净化系统去除生活污水氮、磷效果的比较研究[J].土壤学报,2008,45(3):466-475. DOI:trxb10.11766/200611070312 Zhang Zhiyong, Feng Minglei, Yang Linzhang, Wang Jianguo. COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EFFICIENCY OF SIMULATED CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS REMOVING NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FROM DOMESTIC SEWAGE[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(3):466-475.

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  • 收稿日期:2006-11-07
  • 最后修改日期:2007-03-14
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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-05-10
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