洞庭湖区不同稻田土壤及施肥对养分淋溶损失的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目(40771120);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划(2007BAD87B11);中加合作项目(HN-13)资助


EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION ON NUTRIENT LEACHING LOSS FROM DIFFERENT PADDY SOILS IN DONGTING LAKE AREA
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    摘要:

    在渗漏池模拟洞庭湖区三种主要水耕人为土的基础上,进行了为期2 a的施用化肥(CF)、控释氮肥(CRNF)和配施猪粪(OM)对N、P、K养分淋失影响的试验,以探明双季稻田养分淋溶损失现状和规律。结果表明,普通简育水耕人为土(THS)、底潜简育水耕人为土(EHS)、普通铁聚水耕人为土(TFS)双季稻田CF处理的氮素淋溶损失总量分别占施氮量的2.28%、0.66%和1.50%。其中,THS的渗漏水总氮(TN)浓度与TFS相近,但由于渗漏水量高而导致TN淋失显著增加,EHS的渗漏水量及其TN浓度均显著低于其他两种土壤;稻田淋溶损失的氮素形态中,铵态氮占39.7%,有机态氮占56.8%,硝态氮仅占3.5%。三种土壤的总钾(TK)淋溶损失分别占施钾量的14.0%、4.68%和11.5%,但渗漏水TK浓度高低顺序为:TFS>THS>EHS;各土壤的总磷(TP)淋失均很小且施磷与不施磷(CK)无差异。比较不同施肥处理的养分渗漏损失情况显示,CRNF处理的渗漏水TN浓度最高,三种土壤中均显著高于CK,CF和OM处理仅THS和TFS的TN淋失量显著高于CK;配施猪粪和单施氯化钾时,三种土壤的渗漏水TK浓度均显著高于CK。由于养分淋溶损失是一个长期累积的过程,而本试验仅连续2 a,施用不同氮、钾肥源的N、K素淋溶损失差异不显著。

    Abstract:

    A two-year lysimeter experiment was carried out using simulated soil profiles of three major types of Anthrosols (Paddy soil) in the Dongting Lake area on effect of conventional chemical fertilizer (CF),controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF),and addition of pig manure (OM) on N,P and K leaching loss,to explore status quo and laws of nutrient leaching loss from paddy fields under the double rice cropping system in Dongtinghu Lake area.Results show total nitrogen (TN) leaching loss accounted for 2.28%,0.66% and 1.50%,respectively,of the fertilizer-N app lied in paddy field of Typic Hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols (THS),Endogleyic Hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols (EHS) and Typic Fe-accumuli-Stagnic Anthrosols (TFS) in Treatment CF.The significantly higher amount of leachate led to distinctly greater TN loss in THS than in TFS,even though TN concentration in the leachate from THS was close to that in TFS; both the amount of leachate and the TN concentration therein from EHS were significantly lower than that from the other two soils.Among the N lost through leaching,ammonium N (NH4+-N),organic nitrogen and nitrate N (NO3--N) accounted for 39.7%,56.8% and 3.5%,respectively.Total potassium (TK) leaching loss from THS,EHS and TFS accounted for 14.0%,4.68% and 11.5% of the fertilizer-K applied,showing a decreasing order TFS > THS > ETS.The total phosphorus (TP) leaching losses from these soils were very limited,and not much different between treatments.Among all the treatments,TN concentrations in leachate in Treatment CRNF were the highest and significantly higher than that in CK in all the soils,and those in Treatments CF and OM were relatively lower than in Treatment CRNF,but significantly higher than that in CK only in THS and TFS.TK concentrations in leachate from Treatments OM and Treatment K (potassium chloride) were distinctly higher than that in CK in all the soils.Because nutrient leaching loss is a longterm and p rogressive process,this study has been conducted continuously for only 2 years,so the difference in N and K leaching losses between N and K fertilization treatments was not significant.

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纪雄辉,郑圣先,石丽红,廖育林.洞庭湖区不同稻田土壤及施肥对养分淋溶损失的影响[J].土壤学报,2008,45(4):663-671. DOI:trxb10.11766/200701160408 Ji Xionghui, Zheng Shengxian, Shi Lihong, Liao Yulin. EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION ON NUTRIENT LEACHING LOSS FROM DIFFERENT PADDY SOILS IN DONGTING LAKE AREA[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(4):663-671.

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  • 收稿日期:2007-01-16
  • 最后修改日期:2007-04-09
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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-05-10
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