The Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve is a wellrecognized Gene Pool rich in biodiversity. However, the richness of its botanical diversity is declining as a result of invasion of Phyllostachy pubescens into natural broadleaf forests in some district. To investigate variation of soil bacteria community in response to the change in the aboveground vegetation, soil samples were collected at three sites, i.e. bamboo groves, mixture of bamboo and broadleaf tree and broadleaf forest. To explore variation of the soil bacterial structure, 16S-rDNA-V3-fragment base-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and clone sequence BLAST technologies were applied. Results show a total of over 30 16S rDNA V3 fragments were obtained from the soil samples, and DGGE analysis of the 16S rDNA V3 fragments revealed little variation in fingerprint, but it was found that each had its own characteristic strip. The bacterial structures in the soils of the bamboo groves and the broadleaf forest were more similar to each other than to that of the mixed forest. The clone sequence BLAST of the DGGE bands demonstrated that the soil bacteria in the studied zone could mainly be classified as Proteobacterium, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria,Actinobacterium and some unnamed strains, and most of them were found unculturable. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the soil bacteria in the Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve are rich in diversity, that the bacterial communities in the soils under different forest stands have their unique species, though not dominant, and that the invasion of bamboo has not caused any significant changes in structure and diversity of the soil bacterial community.