Morphological analysis of phosphorus in biosolids and soils is essential to waste management, improvement of phosphorus use efficiency and control of P leaching risk. Since the early 20th century, various methods have been put forward to analyze forms of phosphorus in biosolids and soils, including chemical fractionation, enzymatic hydrolysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). In the paper, various methods of characterizing phosphorus forms in biosolids and soils are systematically summarized and compared. Integrated application of various methods is recommended to better identify forms of phosphorus in bisolids and soils rather than only using a single method so as to provide useful information for choosing appropriate methods for the analysis and also to lay down a foundation for further developing novel techniques for analysis of forms of phosphorus in biosolids and soils.