长期不同施肥对太湖地区典型土壤酸化的影响
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国家科技支撑计划(2008BADA4B03, 2006BAD25B07)、江苏省社会发展项目(BS2007095)、IPNI国际合作项目(Jiangsu-10)资助


Effects of long-term fertilization on soil acidification in Taihu Lake Region, China
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    摘要:

    以太湖地区典型土壤黄泥土上26年的长期肥料定位试验为例,研究不同施肥处理对研究区耕作层土壤(0~15 cm)酸化特征及酸化速率的影响。试验采用裂区设计,主区为不施有机肥处理(C)和施有机肥处理(M),副区为不同无机肥及秸秆施用处理。研究结果显示,不同施肥处理对土壤pH和土壤酸碱缓冲容量有显著影响,增施有机肥的主区处理pH显著低于不施有机肥处理,但对应的土壤酸碱缓冲容量略有上升;副区单施尿素处理和尿素增施水稻秸秆处理pH较不施尿素对照分别下降了0.45、0.66个单位,酸碱缓冲容量分别下降1.52、0.95 mmol kg-1;各试验处理的酸化速率为H+ 0.61~1.74 kmol hm-2 a-1,单施尿素处理高于不施尿素处理,而尿素增施有机肥或水稻秸秆的大于单施尿素处理,以尿素配施有机肥和水稻秸秆处理最高。相关分析表明,各处理土壤pH与外源氮输入量、土壤全氮及速效氮存在显著的依变关系。尿素对土壤的酸化影响与有机肥及水稻秸秆存在差异,前者在降低土壤pH的同时还导致土壤酸碱缓冲容量的降低,而增施有机肥及水稻秸秆处理土壤缓冲容量保持稳定甚至提升,但其各自对土壤酸化的具体贡献率等还需进一步研究。

    Abstract:

    Effect of fertilization and straw application on soil acidification has been one of the foci in research of agricultural management and soil acidification. Based on a longterm fertilization experiment in paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region, China, effect of the longterm (26 years) fertilization on acidification of its topsoil (0~15 cm) was studied under a rice/wheat rotation system. The experiment was designed to have six treatments, i.e. (1) no fertilizer (control, C0), (2) pig manure alone (M0), (3) urea alone (CN), (4) urea combined with pig manure (MN), (5) urea combined with rice straw (CRN), and (6) urea combined with pig manure and rice straw (MRN). After 26 years, significant effects, different between treatments, were observed on soil pH and acidification buffering capacity. Treatment M0 was lower than Treatment C0 in pH but higher in acidification buffering capacity. Treatment CN and Treatment CRN was lower than Treatment C0 by 0.45 and 0.66 in pH, and by 1.52 and 0.95 mmol kg-1 in acidification buffering capacity, respectively In terms of soil acidification rate, ranging from H+ 0.61 to 1.74 kmol hm-2 a-1 among the treatments, Treatment CN was higher than Treatments C0 and M0, but lower than Treatments MN, CRN and MRN, and Treatment MRN was the highest Correlation analysis revealed that soil pH were significantly related to input rate of exogenous nitrogen, soil total nitrogen level and available nitrogen level, which indicates that soil acidification is mainly related to nitrogen in the chemical fertilizer, manure and rice straw. However, the effects of urea differed from that of manure and rice straw on soil acidification. The former decreased both soil pH and soil acidification buffering capacity, while the latter maintained or slightly increased the capacity. Obviously long-term application of urea significantly stimulates soil acidification, and combined application of urea with rice straw does even more.

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张永春,汪吉东,沈明星,沈其荣,许仙菊,宁运旺.长期不同施肥对太湖地区典型土壤酸化的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):465-472. DOI:10.11766/trxb200909230427 Zhang Yongchun, Wang Jidong, Shen Mingxing, Shen Qirong, Xu Xianju, Ning Yunwang. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil acidification in Taihu Lake Region, China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(3):465-472.

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  • 收稿日期:2009-09-23
  • 最后修改日期:2010-03-16
  • 录用日期:2010-03-19
  • 在线发布日期: 2010-03-19
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