烟草黑胫病拮抗菌的筛选及其生物效应
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农业部重大948滚动项目(2006-G62)和农业部农业公益性行业科研专项(200803031)资助


Screening of antagonist against tobacco black shank and biological effect of the strain
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    摘要:

    烟草黑胫病是烟草生产中危害最严重的土传病害之一,生物防治具有抗病和环保的作用,获得高效拮抗菌株是进行生物防治研究的基础。本研究采用平板对峙法,在烟草黑胫病发生严重的田块中选取健康烟株,从其根际土壤中分离筛选到12株对烟草黑胫病病原菌Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae具有拮抗效果的菌株,抑菌率59.4%~71.1%。选择抑菌率最高的C-5菌株进行试验。经鉴定C-5菌株为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)。抗菌谱试验结果表明:C-5菌株不仅对黑胫病病原菌有较强的拮抗作用,同时对甜瓜﹑黄瓜枯萎病病原菌和辣椒疫病病原菌也具有拮抗作用。苗期盆栽试验结果表明:利用C-5菌株发酵制备的微生物有机肥能抑制烟草黑胫病的发生,苗期防治率达80%。本文首次报道了多粘类芽胞杆菌菌株对烟草疫霉有拮抗作用。

    Abstract:

    Tobacco black shank is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases in tobacco production. Biological control has been proved effective and environment-friendly, but screening of antagonists against pathogens is the basic work in bio-controlling. Twelve strains of bacteria antagonist against Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae were isolated by using the plate-confrontation method from rhizosphere soils under healthy tobacco plants in tobacco fields seriously infected with the pathogen. The averaged inhabiting rates of the antagonists ranged from 59.4% to 71.1%. The best performer Strain C-5, which was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa (C-5) based on biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequence similarity, was then selected for further experiments. Results from antibiotic spectrum experiments show that Strain C-5 was also effective in inhibiting other plant pathogen such as Fusarium osyporunm f. sp melonis , Fusarium osyporum f. sp cucumerinum and P. capsici. Pot experiments show that application of bio-organic fertilizer supplemented with Strain C-5 suppressed the incidence of tobacco black shank by 80% as compared with the control. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the microbiological antagonism of Strain Paenibacillus against Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae.

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曹明慧,冉炜,杨兴明.烟草黑胫病拮抗菌的筛选及其生物效应[J].土壤学报,2011,48(1):151-159. DOI:10.11766/trxb200912150573 caominghui. Screening of antagonist against tobacco black shank and biological effect of the strain[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011,48(1):151-159.

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  • 收稿日期:2009-12-15
  • 最后修改日期:2010-05-04
  • 录用日期:2010-05-31
  • 在线发布日期: 2010-10-19
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