不同施肥对雷竹林土壤肥力及肥料利用率的影响
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Effects of different fertilization on soil fertility quality, fertilizer use efficiency, and bamboo shoot yields of Phyllostachys praecox stand
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    摘要:

    于2009年,在浙江省临安市的雷竹林中进行田间试验,以比较对照(不施肥)、常规施肥、缓释肥、竹笋专用肥和微生物肥对雷竹林土壤肥力质量、养分利用率和竹笋产量的影响。结果表明,雷竹林因施肥引起的土壤速效氮磷钾含量的过量积累和土壤酸化的程度按以下次序递减:常规施肥>专用复合肥≈缓释肥>微生物肥。常规施肥的肥料农学利用率最低,氮、磷和钾农学利用率分别为鲜笋4.7 kg kg-1、23.6 kg kg-1和14.2 kg kg-1。与常规施肥处理相比,专用复合肥和缓释肥2个处理的氮、磷、钾农学利用率分别提高40.4%~53.2%、50.8%~90.7%和35.5%~39.5%,而微生物肥处理则分别提高38.9倍、67.8%和2.0倍。与对照相比,常规施肥处理的竹笋产量和经济效益分别提高了29.6%和14.3%,而专用复合肥、缓释肥、微生物肥3个处理的竹笋产量和经济效益分别提高了27.5%~29.0%和14.6%~17.8%。

    Abstract:

    A field experiment was conducted on a Phyllostachys praecox stand of Lin’an county, Zhejiang Province, China in 2009 to compare the effects of conventional fertilization (CF), controlled-release fertilizer (CRF), special compound fertilizer (SCF),and microbial fertilizer (MF) on soil fertility quality, fertility use efficiency, and bamboo shoot yields of Phyllostachys praecox stand. The results showed the degrees of excessive-accumulation of available N, P, and K in the soil and soil acidification induced by fertilization followed the order of : CF>SF≈CRF>MF. The lowest fertilizer agronomic efficiency was obtained from CF and its agronomic efficiencies of N, P, and K were 4.7, 23.6, and 14.2 kg fresh shoot • kg-1. As Compared to the CF, application of SCF and CRF increased agronomic efficiencies of N, P, and K by 40.4%~53.2%, 50.8%~90.7%, and 35.5%~39.5%, respectively, whereas application of MF increased agronomic efficiencies of N, P, and K by 38.9、0.68 and 2.0 times, respectively. Compared to the control, CF increased bamboo shoot yields and economic benefit by 29.6% and 14.3%, respectively,where application of SCF,CRF, and WF increased bamboo shoot yields and economic benefit by 27.55%~29.0% and 14.6%~17.8%, respectively.with high rates of CF and its agronomic efficiencies of N, P, and K were 4.7 , 23.6, and 14.2 kg fresh shoot • kg-1. Application of SCF and CRF increased agronomic efficiencies of N, P, and K by 40.4-53, 87.3-90.7, and 35.5-39.6%, respectively, whereas application of MF increased agronomic efficiencies of N, P, and K by 38.9、o.68 and 2.0 times, respectively. Conventional fertilization increased bamboo shoot yields and economic benefit by 29.6 and 14.3%, respectively, compared to the control. Application of SCF and CRF with median rates of CF as well as WF with low rates of CF only reduced bamboo shoot yields 0.5 and 1.7, and 1.4%, respectively compared to the conventional fertilization treatment. However, these three treatments improved economic benefit 3.0, 0.5, and 2.7%, respectively. The results obtained in this study showed that great reduction of CF rates and application of SCF, CRF, and MF in the phyllostachys praecox production nut only maintained higher bamboo shoot yields and economic benefit, but also greatly improved fertilizer agronomic efficiency.

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陈闻,吴家森,姜培坤,许开平,黄程鹏.不同施肥对雷竹林土壤肥力及肥料利用率的影响[J].土壤学报,2011,48(5):1021-1028. DOI:10.11766/trxb201011290499 Chen Wen, Wu Jiasen, Jiang Peikun, Xu Kaiping, Huang ChengPeng. Effects of different fertilization on soil fertility quality, fertilizer use efficiency, and bamboo shoot yields of Phyllostachys praecox stand[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011,48(5):1021-1028.

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  • 收稿日期:2010-11-29
  • 最后修改日期:2011-05-02
  • 录用日期:2011-05-18
  • 在线发布日期: 2011-06-13
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