近地层臭氧污染对不同品种小麦钾素吸收与分配的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目(41003030)、土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金项目(Y052010030)、国家科技部国际科技合作计划项目(2009DFA31110)、中国科学院知识创新方向项目(KZCX2-EW-414)和中国科学院装备研制项目(YZ0603)联合资助


Effects of tropospheric ozone pollution on absorption and distribution of potassium in wheat relative to variety
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    摘要:

    近地层臭氧(O3)污染危害植物生长势必间接影响钾素吸收利用。利用中国稻—麦轮作开放式O3FACE(Free-air O3 concentration enrichment)试验平台,研究了大气O3浓度增加(较周围大气高50%)对长江三角洲地区5个小麦(Tritcium aestivum L.)主栽品种(扬麦15、扬麦16、烟农19、扬幅麦2号和嘉兴002)的物质积累、钾素吸收与分配的影响。结果表明,O3升高对秸秆和籽粒的影响远大于根系。O3升高降低了扬麦16、烟农19和嘉兴002的籽粒产量,但对扬麦15和扬幅麦2号几乎无影响。O3升高,扬幅麦2号和烟农19的秸秆生物量显著降低,扬麦16和扬麦15、嘉兴002的秸秆生物量则分呈增加和降低趋势。表明O3污染对小麦物质积累与分配的影响存在品种差异。烟农19、扬麦15和嘉兴002小麦植株总吸钾量因O3升高显著降低,而扬麦16和扬幅麦2号分呈降低与增加趋势。O3升高影响钾素在小麦根、秸秆和籽粒中的含量与分配趋势,但影响程度因品种而异。O3升高降低了钾素在扬麦16、扬幅麦2号、烟农19和扬麦15根中分配比例,促进了其向地上部运移,而增加了钾素在嘉兴002根中分配比例,阻碍其向地上部的运移。表明小麦响应O3污染对钾素吸收与分配调整机制存在品种差异。扬麦16、烟农19和嘉兴002的钾素偏生产力因O3升高而显著降低13.2% ~ 35.7%,而扬麦15和扬幅麦2号则无明显变化。嘉兴002的钾肥利用率因O3污染显著降低和扬幅麦2号呈增加趋势,而扬麦15、扬麦16、烟农19则无明显变化。评价O3污染对小麦物质积累分配、钾素在植物-土壤系统周转的影响应考虑品种差异。

    Abstract:

    Tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution affects plant growth and indirectly plant potassium (K) uptake. Effects of elevated atmospheric ozone (p O3) (50% higher than the ambient p O3) on biomass and K uptake and distribution of five modern cultivars of wheat (Tritcium aestivum L. cv. Yangmai 15 (Y15), Yangmai 16 (Y16), Yannong 19 (YN19), Yangfumai 2 (YF2) and Jiaxing 002 (JX002) ) were investigated in fully open-air field in the Yangtze River delta. Results show that straw and grain responded more than root to elevated pO3. Y16, YN19 and JX002 decreased in yield, while Y15 and YF2 as not affected did not show any change. Under elevated p O3, YF2 and JX002 decreased significantly in straw biomass, Y16 displayed a rising trend while Y15 and JX002 declining ones, indicating that the effect of elevated pO3 on accumulation and distribution of biomass of wheat varied with wheat cultivar. Simultaneously, YN19, Y15 and JX002 decreased significantly in total plant potassium uptake, while Y16 displayed a declining trend and YF2 a rising one. Elevated p O3 also affected content and distribution of potassium in the plant and the effect varied with cultivar, too. Y16, YF2, YN19 and Y15 declined in K distribution ratio in root, which suggested that elevated p O3 promoted potassium transfer from root to shoot, but JX002 increased, which meant elevated p O3 retarded potassium transfer to shoot. Obviously, mechanism of the response to elevated p O3 of wheat in absorption and distribution of potassium varied with cultivar. Elevated p O3 significantly decreased the partial productivity of potassium fertilizer in Y16, YN19 and JX002 by 13.2% ~ 35.7%, but did not have such effect in Y15 and YF2, while it decreased K fertilizer utilization rate of JX002 and increased that of YF2, while it did not affect much that of Y15, Y16 and YN19. Therefore, it is advisable to take into account the factor of variety in evaluating O3 effects on accumulation and distribution of biomass in wheat and potassium turnover in the plant–soil system.

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寇太记,刘德鸿,徐晓峰,于伟伟,朱新开,朱建 国.近地层臭氧污染对不同品种小麦钾素吸收与分配的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(3):531-537. DOI:10.11766/trxb201306170289 Kou Taiji, Liu Dehong, XU Xiaofeng, YU weiwei, ZHU Xinkai, ZHU Jianguo. Effects of tropospheric ozone pollution on absorption and distribution of potassium in wheat relative to variety[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(3):531-537.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-06-17
  • 最后修改日期:2013-09-15
  • 录用日期:2013-10-22
  • 在线发布日期: 2014-02-27
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