缓释复合肥对茄子产量和不同采果期品质的影响
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国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题(2012ZX07104-003)和科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(2007GB2F100266)资助


Effects of slow-release compound fertilizer on yield and quality of eggplant relative to timing of harvest
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    摘要:

    采用田间试验研究缓释复合肥不同施用方式对茄子产量和不同采果期品质的影响,对茄果类蔬菜生产上施用缓释复合肥具有理论和实践意义。在茄子整个采收期统计果实产量和茄子采果期3次采样测定茄子营养品质(维生素C、氨基酸、可溶性糖)、卫生品质(硝酸盐)和保健品质(黄酮、芦丁、茄碱)。结果表明,施用缓释复合肥(SRF)较化肥(CF)和普通复合肥(CCF)显著增加茄子产量(增幅分别为7.3 %~29.1 %和3.7%~24.8 %),各处理产量序列为SRF1>SRF4>SRF2>SRF3>CCF>CF。缓释复合肥各处理显著增加茄子盛果后期维生素C、氨基酸和可溶性糖含量,且SRF3较化肥和普通复合肥显著降低茄子盛果中、后期硝酸盐含量。对于保健品质,缓释复合肥各处理较化肥显著增加茄子盛果中、后期芦丁含量10.0 %~24.0 %和10.0 %~50.0 %,并显著降低茄子整个采果期茄碱含量33.9 %~47.7 %、36.8 %~49.0 %和18.7 %~35.4 %,以SRF1和SRF2效果最好。缓释复合肥各处理以SRF1茄子产量最高、品质最优,SRF2次之;从茄子高产高效看,以SRF2处理为最佳。

    Abstract:

    A field experiment was conducted to study effects of slow-release compound fertilizer on yield and quality of eggplant relative to timing of harvest. The study is of some great theoretical and practical significance to application of slow-release compound fertilizer in production of solanaceous vegetable. Harvests of eggplants throughout the entire harvesting period were recorded and samples of eggplants were collected 3 times during the harvesting period for determination of nutritional quality (vitamin C, amino acid and soluble sugar), hygienic quality (nitrate) and health quality (flavonoids, rutin and solanine) of the eggplant. Results show that slow-release compound fertilizer (Treatments SRF) increased the yield of eggplant by 3.5%~29.1% and 3.7%~24.8% compared to chemical fertilizer (Treatment CF) and common compound fertilizer (Treatment CCF). In terms of yield level, the treatments were in the sequence of SRF1 >SRF4 > SRF2 > SRF3 > CCF > CF. Besides, the treatments also significantly increased the content of vitamin C, amino acid and soluble sugar in the fruits harvested at the late full fruiting stage and Treatment SRF3 significantly lowered the content of nitrate in the fruits harvest at the mid and late full fruiting stage compared to Treatment CF and Treatment CCF. As to health quality, Treatments SRF significantly increased the content of rutin by 10.0%~24.0% and 10.0%~50.0% in the fruits harvest at the mid and late fully fruiting stages, and lowered the content of solanine by 33.9%~47.7%, 36.8%~49.0% and 18.7%~35.4% in the fruits harvested at all the full fruiting stage. The effects of Treatments SRF1 and SRF2 were the highest. Among the three SRF treatments, Treatment SRF1 was the best in terms of yield and quality of eggplants, and followed by Treatment SRF2, while in terms of yield/efficiency of the crop, Treatment SRF2 was No. 1.

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王 菲,李银科,王正银,张晓玲,唐 静.缓释复合肥对茄子产量和不同采果期品质的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(2):355-363. DOI:10.11766/trxb201405040215 Wang Fei, Li Yinke, Wang Zhengyin, Zhang Xiaoling, Tang Jing. Effects of slow-release compound fertilizer on yield and quality of eggplant relative to timing of harvest[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(2):355-363.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-05-04
  • 最后修改日期:2014-09-27
  • 录用日期:2014-11-04
  • 在线发布日期: 2014-12-25
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