Camellia oleifera Abel is the unique woody oil plants in south China, it has high development and utilization value. Water and fertilizer are two important factors that affect the yield of C. oleifera Abel. Combined with nutrients and moisture to discuss the effects of water and fertilizer on the yield of C. oleifera Abel can provide the scientific basis for sustainable management of C. oleifera Abel forests. The experiment was set in Xinzi county Jiujiang City in Jiangxi Province, and 7-year old Gan-wu high yield clones of C. oleifera Abel were used as materials. Adopting quadratic general rotary unitized design, 5 different levels of application volumes of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and irrigation water (H₂O) were designed to explore the effects of water and fertilizer on fruit yield of C. oleiferaAbel. The results of single factor effect analysis indicated that the N, P, K and H₂O has significant effects on fruit yield of C. oleifera Abel. When the amount levels of each factor was -2 C. oleifera Abel showed parabolic trend with the increment of N, P, K and H₂O. With the conditions of setting other factors for middle level, no matter fertilizer or water, the more were not the better, but each has its optimum amount. In order to get the maximum of fruit yield of C. oleifera Abel, the optimum amount of nitrogen fertilizer was N 168.0 g plant^-1, P₂O₅ 48.9 g plant^-1, K₂O 156.6 g plant^-1, and the optimum amount of irrigation was 26.9 kg plant^-1. The results of interaction analysis of N, P, K and H₂O four factor showed that there had significant interactions effect between nutrient element N and K, K and H₂O on fruit yield of C. oleifera Abel. Within a certain range, N and K has obviously positive synergistic effect, the increment of N or K will promote the fruit yield of C. oleifera Abel. But the excessive amount of fertilizer could cause the inhibition, and either N or K fertilizer applied into a small quantity, the fruit production of C. oleifera Abel would be affected and could not obtained high yield. When two species fertilizer increased suitable measure, fruit production reached maximum value 3 174 g plant^-1, it’s obviously higher than the maximum value in N or K single factor effect analysis. The interaction effect between K and H₂O interaction showed a similar pattern, when K fertilizer and irrigation also increased to a certain value, the maximum fruit yield of C. oleifera Abel reached to 3 173 g plant^-1, any lower levels of these factors would lead to lower maximum fruit yield of C. oleifera Abel. What’s more, the excessive irrigation or potassium are not conducive to fruit yield of C. oleifera Abel. Therefore, in the management of C. oleifera Abel forest, we should not only take into account the reasonable ratio of nutrients, but also pay attention to the balance between nutrients and water. Fertilization and irrigation are critical factors that determine fruit yield of C. oleiferaAbel, and the interactions between these factors significantly affect the fruit yield of C. oleifera Abel, when the yield reached maximum, the coding value of the four factors, N, P, K and H₂O, was 1.03, 0.62, 1.19 and 0.92, respectively. That is to say, if each plant receives available nutrients 181.8 g N, 48.6 g P₂O₅and 287.1 g K₂O and 29.2 kg water annually, or the C. oleiferaAbel field is applied with 795 kg N, 80 kg P₂O₅and 474 kg K₂O, and irrigated with 48 m³ water per hectare, fresh fruit yield of C. oleiferaAbel can reach as high as 5 131 kg hm^-2.