长期不同施肥对红壤性水稻土产量及基础地力的影响
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国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB100501-S05)、 国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B05-3, 2013BAD07B11)、国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助项目(Hunan-17) 共同资助


Effect of long-term fertilization on rice yield and basic soil productivity in red paddy soil under double-rice system
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    摘要:

    利用长期定位施肥试验并结合盆栽试验,研究长期不同施肥模式对双季稻产量和土壤基础地力的影响,并分析水稻产量和肥料贡献率对土壤不同基础地力的响应。结果表明:长期施用氮磷钾肥(NPK)或氮磷钾肥配施稻草(NPKS)有利于双季稻产量的增加。NPK处理的早稻产量、晚稻产量和年总产量分别较对照(CK)处理增产100.7%、67.0%和81.9%,NPKS处理分别增产113.8%、77.7%和93.7%。CK处理早稻基础地力产量随试验年限的增加呈极显著下降趋势(p<0.01),晚稻基础地力产量在试验的前9年随年限增加呈极显著下降(p<0.01),之后基本维持稳定。长期施用氮磷钾肥或氮磷钾肥配施稻草有利于土壤基础地力的提升。土壤基础地力产量和基础地力贡献率均表现为NPKS>NPK>CK。NPK和NPKS处理早稻基础地力产量分别较CK提高38.5%和68.1%,晚稻分别提高25.8%和49.0%。NPK和NPKS处理早稻基础地力贡献率分别较CK提高21.4%和54.9%,晚稻分别提高12.8%和22.8%。无论施肥或不施肥,早晚稻产量均随土壤基础地力产量提高而增加;肥料对早晚稻产量贡献率随基础地力产量提高而极显著降低。土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾是影响土壤基础地力的主要养分因子,土壤全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷对土壤基础地力也产生重要影响。

    Abstract:

    Improvement of basic soil productivity (BSP) is crucial to reduction of fertilizer application rate and maintenance of stable and high crop yield, while fertilization is a major factor affecting BSP. The study on effects of long-term fertilization on evolution of BSP is of some important theoretical and practical significance to guiding soil building and guaranteeing national food security. A long-term fertilization experiment coupled with pot experiments was carried out to explore effect of mode of long-term fertilization on yield of double-cropping rice and BSP and to analyze rice yield and fertilizer contribution rate to rice yield in relation to BSP. Results show that long-term chemical fertilizers application (NPK) or long-term chemical fertilizers application combined with rice straw (NPKS) increased rice yield. Compared with CK, NPK increased the grain yield of early rice, late rice and annual yield by 100.7%, 67.0% and 81.9% and NPKS did by 113.8%, 77.7% and 93.7%, respectively. BSP yield of early rice in CK decreased significantly with the experiment going (p<0.01). BSP yield of late rice decreased significantly with the experiment going on in the first nine years (p<0.01) and afterwards it remained stable. Long-term application of NPK and NPKS helps improve BSP. In terms of BSP and BSP contribution rate, the three treatments in the experiment followed an order of NPKS > NPK > CK. Compared with CK, NPK and NPKS increased BSP yield of early rice by 38.5% and 68.1%, and that of late rice by 25.8% and 49.0%, respectively. Compared with CK plot, NPK and NPKS plots were 21.4% and 54.9% higher, respectively, in BSP contribution rate to early rice yield and 12.8% and 22.8% higher, respectively, in BSP contribution rate to early rice yield. Whether fertilizers were applied or not, yields of both early and late rice crops increased with increasing BSP, while contribution rate of fertilizers to grain yield decreased significantly with increasing BSP. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen and readily available potassium are the major factors affecting BSP and soil total phosphorus, total potassium, alkalytic nitrogen and available phosphorus are also important factors affecting BSP. Long-term application of NPK with rice straw not only significantly increased rice yield, but also sustained or increased basic soil productivity (BSP). The findings suggest that combined application of chemical fertilizer with rice straw is a recommended fertilization practice for sustainable rice cultivation in South China.

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鲁艳红,廖育林,周 兴,聂 军,谢 坚,杨曾平.长期不同施肥对红壤性水稻土产量及基础地力的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):597-606. DOI:10.11766/trxb201407260375 Lu Yanhong, Liao Yulin, Zhou Xing, Nie Jun, Xie Jian, Yang Zengping. Effect of long-term fertilization on rice yield and basic soil productivity in red paddy soil under double-rice system[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(3):597-606.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-07-26
  • 最后修改日期:2014-12-26
  • 录用日期:2015-03-03
  • 在线发布日期: 2015-03-04
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