How to handle surplus crop straw has become an important topic that calls for urgent solution in the agricultural regions of China. Straw incorporation into the field is one of the main methods of straw utilization. The method of straw incorporation used to either overcast the straw on the surface of the field like mulching or incorporate the straw into the shallow topsoil layer, which would obviously bring about some problems, like hindering seed germination and seedling growth, impeding rise of soil temperature, and favoring incidence of plant diseases and insect pests, while its effect on accumulation of soil organic matter is so limited that it would not help solve the problems, like thinning of the plough layer and depleting of organic matter in the subsoil layer. Corn stover deep incorporation（CSDI） extends the extent of soil building from topsoil, as it was previously, down to subsoil, which would not only help solve problems, like thinning of the plow layer, shortage of organic manure, declining water holding capacity, but also reduce environmental pollution from burning of straw, while achieving the ends of sequestrating carbon, conserving soil water, building up soil fertility and raising crop yield. Although some reports are available on change in structure of Hu after CSDI , few have been published on Hu in soil aggregates. Soil samples were collected from an experimental corn field under long-term mono-cropping in the Jilin Agricultural University Experiment Station. The experiment field of black soil was divided into two plots, one cultivated under CSDI and the other without CSDI (CK). In the plot under CSDI, ditches were dug along the furrow in-between two rows of corn plants in November 2011, with a section like a bottom-up isosceles trapezoid, 60 cm wide in the upper opening, 40 cm wide in the bottom and 40cm in depth. In the process of digging, the soils of the toplayer (0~20 cm) and the sublayer (20~40 cm) were dug out layer by layer and placed separately on either side of the ditch. Once a ditch was dug into shape, corn stover, cut into 3~5 cm in length were applied into the deep ditch evenly at a rate of 12 000 kg hm^-2, together with N fertilizer (urea 450 kg hm^-2), and then the removed soil was placed back into the ditch, the sublayer soil first and then the toplayer soil forming a big ridge, which was let subside naturally. After the practice of CSDI finished, the two plots were cultivated with corn in the same pattern. The findings of the study may provide some theoretical basis for how to improve soil fertility and build up a proper plow layer with CSDI. Results show that the Hu in the plot of CSDI is higher in carbon content, varying in the range of 542~839 g kg^-1 and averaging 721 g kg^-1, with H/C in the range of 0.662~0.958，and being 0.776 in average, and higher than HA in carbon content and condensation degree. CSDI was found to increase carbon and nitrogen contents, and reduce Hu oxidation and aliphatic hydrocarbon degrees. The effects are more significant in the sublayer soil than in the toplayer soil. Besides, CSDI increases active structure of the Hu, but lowers its stability, To sum up, CSDI increases carbon and nitrogen contents in Hu, while making it simpler and younger in structure.