种植翻压紫云英配施化肥对稻田土壤活性有机碳氮的影响
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河南省省院科技合作项目(132106000052)和公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103005)共同资助


Effects of Planting and Incorporation of Chinese Milk Vetch Coupled with Application of Chemical Fertilizer on Active Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Paddy Soil
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Supported by the Project of Provincial Academy of Science and Technology Cooperation of Henan Province of China (No. 132106000052) and Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest (No. 201103005)

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    摘要:

    依托长期种植紫云英定位试验,以不施肥(CK)为对照,研究化肥(100%F)、紫云英配施100%、80%、60%和40%化肥(G+100% F、G+80% F、G+60% F、G+40% F)以及紫云英(G)对土壤活性有机碳氮、水稻产量、氮肥利用率及其他土壤养分的影响。结果表明,与对照不施肥相比,单施化肥对土壤水溶性有机碳(WSOC)的影响很小,土壤水溶性有机氮(WSON)和微生物生物量碳氮(SMBC、SMBN)含量分别增加了20.61%、10.49%和2.20%;单施紫云英处理土壤WSOC、WSON、SMBC和SMBN含量分别增加了25.52%、36.30%、19.16%和10.37%;紫云英配施化肥增加了土壤WSOC、WSON、SMBC和SMBN的含量,增幅分别为12.99%~22.80%、26.66%~56.61%、19.01%~29.56%和16.08%~32.90%。施肥提高了土壤活性有机碳氮占土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)的比例,紫云英配施化肥和单施紫云英效果优于单施化肥。土壤活性有机碳氮与水稻产量、SOC、TN和铵态氮(NH4+-N)呈显著或极显著正相关。施肥增加水稻产量,G+80% F最高(10 026 kg hm-2)。与100%F相比,化肥减施20%~40%水稻不减产,同时氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力提高,增幅分别为11.64%~149.65%和2.66%~149.92%,土壤SOC、TN和NH4+-N含量增加,土壤有效磷和速效钾降低。综合考虑水稻产量、氮肥利用率和土壤肥力,紫云英翻压22 500 kg hm-2、磷钾肥常规用量、氮肥减施20%时最优。

    Abstract:

    【Objective】 Being the most active part of soil organic carbon and nitrogen, soil active organic carbon and nitrogen play important roles in soil carbon and nitrogen cycles and are very sensitive to fertilization. The practice of planting and incorporating Chinese milk vetch coupled with application of chemical fertilizer has been proved to be an effective way to improve rice yield and soil fertility. Here in this paper, effects of this practice on soil active carbon and nitrogen, rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility, as well as relationships of soil active carbon and nitrogen with rice yield and soil nutrients were studied, to explore significance of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen to soil fertility and productivity and provide a scientific basis for using this practice to increase crop yield and soil fertility.【Method】Based on an 8-year field experiment on planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch coupled with application of chemical fertilizer in Xin Yang, Henan province, topsoil samples (0~20 cm) were collected after rice was harvested for analysis of variation of soil active carbon and nitrogen, and soil nutrients and further of their relationships with rice yield and soil nutrients. The experiment was designed to have seven treatments, i.e. CK (no fertilizer), Treatment G (planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch), Treatment 100% F (conventional chemical fertilizer N, P, K at 225 kg hm-2, 135 kg hm-2 and 135 kg hm-2, respectively), Treatment G 100% F (Chinese milk vetch combined with 100% conventional chemical fertilizer), Treatment G 80% F, Treatment G 60% F and Treatment G 40% F. 【Result】The results showed that compared with CK, Treatment 100% F had little effect on soil water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), but it increased soil water soluble organic nitrogen (WSON), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) by 20.61%, 10.49% and 2.70%, respectively. Treatment G increased WSOC, WSON, SMBC and SMBN by 25.52%, 36.30%, 19.16% and 9.36%, respectively. And the treatments of G F of whatever rate increased WSOC, WSON, SMBC and SMBN by an extent varying in the range of 12.99%~22.80%, 26.66%~56.61%, 19.01%~29.56% and 12.80%~26.25%, separately. Fertilization increased the proportion of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen, separately, in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, however, the effects of Treatment G and Treatment G F are obviously higher than those of Treatment 100% F. Soil active carbon and nitrogen is positively related to rice yield, SOC, TN and Ammonium nitrogen at significant or extremely significant levels, but negatively to nitrate nitrogen and available potassium. Fertilization increased rice yield and the effect was the most significant in Treatment G 80%F (10 026 kg hm-2 in yield). Compared with Treatment 100% F, Treatment G 80% F, Treatment G 60% F and Treatment G 40% F saved the use of chemical fertilizer by 20%~40% without affecting crop yield, while increasing nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity by 11.64%~149.65% and 2.66%~149.92%, separately and the contents of SOC, TN and ammonium nitrogen, too, but did decrease the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium.【Conclusion】Compared with application of chemical fertilizer, planting and incorporation of Chinese milk vetch coupled with application chemical fertilizer were more conducive to building up soil active carbon and nitrogen. By taking into full account crop yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, and soil fertility, the practice of incorporating 22 500 kg hm-2 of Chinese milk vetch, keeping the normal P and K applications and reducing N application rate by 20% was thought to be the optimal one.

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刘春增,常单娜,李本银,曹卫东,吕玉虎,潘兹亮.种植翻压紫云英配施化肥对稻田土壤活性有机碳氮的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(3):656-668. DOI:10.11766/trxb201607050273 LIU Chunzeng, CHANG Danna, LI Benyin, CAO Weidong, Lü Yuhu, PAN Ziliang. Effects of Planting and Incorporation of Chinese Milk Vetch Coupled with Application of Chemical Fertilizer on Active Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Paddy Soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(3):656-668.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-05-30
  • 最后修改日期:2016-10-08
  • 录用日期:2016-11-07
  • 在线发布日期: 2017-03-01
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