Abstract:【Objective】In studies on diversity of soil-water resources , terrain factors have great influences on their spatial distribution and internal relationships. Henan Province is selected as a case for study. Through processing the DEM data of the region, a terrain classification map and a surface water distribution map of the province were acquired. First of all, the modified Shannon entropy formula on a 1 km×1 km grid scale was used to work out terrain spatial distribution diversity and soil spatial distribution diversity (soil group level) and correlation analysis of the two was performed. Then Henan Province was divided into six regions similar in area by ecological environment, social development and land use, and terrain constituent diversity and soil constituent diversity of the regions were worked out with the spatial distribution area index (Yh), while surface water body diversity was with the spatial distribution length index (MSHDLI). In the end characteristics of and correlations between terrain composition, soil composition and surface water body diversity were analyzed.【Method】First, the 3D spatial analysis, raster surface analysis and contour analysis tools of ArcGIS were used to process the DEM data of Henan Province were processed to extract terrain classification maps by referring to the five basic terrain sorting standard, and the hydrological analysis module was used to plot a river network map or a surface water body distribution map of the province with threshold vactor being 50000.Then soil constituent diversity, terrain constituent diversity, and soil and terrain spatial distribution discreteness were analyzed with the modified Shannon diversity area index (MSHDAI) method, and surface water body diversity was with the modified Shannon diversity length index (MSHDLI) method. In the end, to determine correlation between terrain diversity and pedodiversity (soil group level), correlation coefficient between the two was worked out by calculating spatial distribution diversity of terrain types and common patches of soil types and fitting them into relevant equations. In six different partitions of similar sub-areas, Characteristics of and correlation between terrain constituent diversity and surface water body diversity, soil constituent diversity and surface water body diversity, terrain richness and soil constituent diversity were analyzed with the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient of the IBM SPSS software.【Result】Results show that in Henan Province, plain is the type of terrain the biggest in area and the highest in spatial diversity distribution discreteness (0.959), and fluvo-aquic soil is the type of soil, the highest in diversity (0.908) and the biggest in area, and followed by cinnamon soil in the next and alkali soil and solonchak in the last being the types of soil, the lowest in spatial distribution discreteness. Terrain and soil are closely related with high correlation, of which the coefficient r is higher than 50%, being over 76%. In all the six regions, terrain constituent diversity is found in linear relationship with the number of terrain types, with determination coefficient R2 being 0.616, and moreover, the MSHDKI index of surface water body diversity is in positive relationship with length of the surface water body, with determination coefficient R2being 0.788. The region in the east of the province is composed of solely plain and comes the second in MSHDLI value, which means the water system is well developed in the region, while the region in the west of the province is rather complicated in terrain and dominated with mountains and hence the lowest in MSHDLI value is the lowest, which demonstrates that the water system in the region is developed very simply because of mountains. In the case that the six regions are similar in area, the value of soil group composition diversity depends mainly on evenness of the distribution of different types of soil in area, and the two are negatively related, with determination coefficient R2 being 0.94, while terrain type richness is significantly and positively related to soil group constituent diversity, with the determination coefficient R2 being 0.909 and fitting function being linear one. But in different regions, areal terrain constituent diversity, soil constituent diversity index and linear surface water body diversity index do not have any significant correlationship between them.【Conclusion】To sum up, terrain, soil and surface water body are the three main elements closely related to each other, affecting each other and jointly determining spatial distribution of geodiversity of a region.