环境中生物质炭稳定性研究进展
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国家自然科学基金项目(21677129)


Advancement in Research on Stability of Biochar in the Environment
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(21677129)

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    摘要:

    生物质炭是生物质在厌氧或缺氧条件下高温裂解得到的炭质材料,由于其具有储碳、固定土壤污染物和废弃物资源化等优点,正被越来越广泛地应用于农业和环境等领域。生物质炭在环境中的稳定性决定了其环境效应的稳定性,是评价生物质炭环境功能及环境意义的重要方面。本文主要论述了生物质炭在环境中可能经历的物理、化学和生物分解三大作用过程及其影响因素,同时分析了生物质炭自身性质与其在环境中稳定性的关系;指出物理破碎作用、物理迁移作用、化学溶解作用、化学氧化作用、生物分解代谢作用、以及生物质炭自身性质共同影响了生物质炭在环境中的稳定性。提出了以下几点值得重点关注的研究方向:(1)水流作用下生物质炭微粒的释放、迁移行为及其影响因素,(2)生物质炭自身的氧化还原活性与其在环境中的化学氧化作用之间的关系,(3)植物根际圈内生物质炭的物理、化学和微生物分解作用。系统而深入地研究生物质炭在环境中的作用过程有利于完善人们对生物质炭流失过程的认识,从而更全面地了解生物质炭在环境中的稳定性。

    Abstract:

    Biochar is a kind of carbon material derived from biomass through pyrolysis under anaerobic or anoxic conditions. Because of its merits of storing carbon, fixing soil pollutants and recycling wastes, it is more and more extensively used in agriculture and environment. Its stability in the environment determines stability of its environmental effects and hence an important index in evaluating environmental functions and significance of biochar. In this paper, emphasis was mainly laid on elaboration of potential physical, chemical and biological decomposition processes biochar might undergo in the environment and their influencing factors, and analysis of relationships between properties of the biochar per se and stability of the biochar in the environment. The paper pointed out that physical fragmentation, physical migration, chemical dissolution, chemical oxidation, biological degradation, and properties of the biochar per se were the main factors that jointly affected stability of the biochar in the environment. In the end, the paper brought forth some topics that are worth noticing for future research in this field, that is, (1) release and transport behaviors of biochar micro-particles under the action of water flow and their affecting factors; (2) relationship between redox activity and chemical oxidation of biochar in the environment; and (3) physical, chemical and microbial decompositions of biochar in plant rhizosphere. A systematic and in-depth study on roles of biochar in the environment is contributive to improvement of the knowledge about processes of biochar loss and full understanding of stability of biochar in the environment.

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方 婧,金 亮,程磊磊,林道辉.环境中生物质炭稳定性研究进展[J].土壤学报,2019,56(5):1034-1047. DOI:10.11766/trxb201808220426 FANG Jing, JIN Liang, CHENG Leilei, LIN Daohui. Advancement in Research on Stability of Biochar in the Environment[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2019,56(5):1034-1047.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-08-22
  • 最后修改日期:2018-12-21
  • 录用日期:2019-03-11
  • 在线发布日期: 2019-04-30
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