【Objective】Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita) is a parannial herbal liane popular as vegetable in this country. Its tuber is consumed as both food and medicinal herb for its functions of anti-oxidation, anti-aging, immunity regulation, blood sugar reduction, etc.. Soil ecoenvironmental factors and soil nutrient status are major factors affecting growth and quality of the plant. Soil microbes, in particular, participate in recycling of carbon, nitrogen and some other nutrient elements in the soil, flowing of energy, formation of soil humus, shaping and amelioration of soil structure. This study aims to explore relationships of the soil bacterial community in the rhizosphere of yam with soil nutrients and contents of saccharides in the tuber, and to elucidate major soil ecological factors affecting nutrient accumulation in yam tuber, in an attempt to provide certain reference for development of yam-specfic bio-manure and assessment of soil environment for cultivation of the plant.【Method】Seven samples of rhizosphere soil and rhizomes of 2-year old Chinese yam plants were collected for analysis of composition, abundance, Alpha diversity, Beta diversity and bacteria diversity of soil microbes with the aid of the high-throughput sequencing technology, and for analysis of relationships dominant soil bacterial groups and soil microbial community in rhizosphere with soil chemical factors and saccharides in root with the canonical correlation analysis method.【Result】Results show that Shannon and Chaol indices were significantly and negatively related to soil phosphatese activity; proteobacteria, chloroflexi, acidobacteria and actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial groups in the rhizosphere of Chinese yam; soil pH was an important factor affecting structure and distribution of the soil bacterial community; acidobacteria and nitrifying spirulina was related to sucrase and urease activities in soil; archaea and chloroflexi was positively related to soil organic carbon and nitrogen; soil carbon, nitrogen nutrient was positively related to soluble sugar, crude polysaccharides and starch in the root of yam. Chloroflexi and Thaumarchaeota, dominant soil bacterial groups were positively related to total organic carbon, total nitrogen, AK, AP and phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil, and to content of starch and crude polysaccharide (spearman correlation index is 0.54, P<0.01 ) in tuber, too, which indicate that the above-mentioned chemical properties plays important roles in growth of the plant; Acidobacteria was negatively related to soil pH, AP and catalase and positively to total organic carbon, AK and invertase activity in soil, and negatively related to crude polysaccharide in tuber, too; Nitrospirae and Actinobacteria was positively related to activity of urease and catalase, and negatively to phosphatase and sucrase; Proteobacteria and Nitrospirae was positively related to soluble sugar and negatively related to crude polysaccharide.【Conclusion】All the findings demonstrate that the dominant bacterial groups in the rhizosphere of Chinese yam are proteobacteria, chlorobacteria, acidobacteria and actinomycetes; Soil pH is an important factor affecting structure of the soil bacterial community.Acidobacteri and nitrospira may improve carbon and nitrogen levels in the soil through stimulating the activity of sucrase and urease in soil; archaea and chlorobacteria promotes TOC and AN recycling in rhizosphere soil and increase TOC and AN nutrient supply in the soil, which in turn promotes accumulation of soluble sugar, crude polysaccharides and starch in rhizome of yam.